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Abiotic Plant Disorders
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Sunscald
Symptoms: Whitish or tan areas on the bark, cracks on fruits. Causes: Overexposure to sunlight during winter or excessive heat.
Salt Stress
Symptoms: Leaf burn, defoliation, reduced growth. Causes: High salinity in soil or water, especially in coastal or arid regions.
Ozone Injury
Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis, reddening of leaves, flecking. Causes: High concentrations of ground-level ozone pollution.
Acid Rain Damage
Symptoms: Leaf chlorosis, weaker plants, inhibited growth. Causes: Pollution that leads to acidic precipitation affecting soil and plant health.
Lightning Injury
Symptoms: Sudden wilting, bark splitting, entry or exit wounds on trees. Causes: Direct or nearby lightning strikes.
Pesticide Injury
Symptoms: Deformed new growth, leaf burn, reduced yield. Causes: Misapplication or overdose of pesticides or herbicides.
Pollution Injury
Symptoms: Leaf necrosis, fading or silvering of foliage, poor growth. Causes: Industrial emissions, urban air contaminants, and toxic gases.
Heavy Metal Toxicity
Symptoms: Chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth. Causes: Contamination of soil by heavy metals like lead, cadmium, or arsenic.
Heat Stress
Symptoms: Sunburn on leaves and fruits, blossom drop, reduced yield. Causes: High temperature and strong sunlight.
Cold Stress
Symptoms: Frost damage, blackened foliage, slowed growth. Causes: Low temperature, frost, and freezing conditions.
Soil Compaction
Symptoms: Poor root development, water runoff, nutrient deficiency. Causes: Heavy machinery or foot traffic compacting the soil.
Nutrient Deficiency
Symptoms: Chlorosis (yellowing of leaves), necrosis (death of plant tissue), poor growth. Causes: Insufficient nutrient availability in the soil, poor soil pH affecting nutrient uptake.
Wind Damage
Symptoms: Torn leaves, broken branches, uprooted plants. Causes: High-velocity wind, such as during storms or in open areas.
Waterlogging
Symptoms: Yellowing leaves, root rot, stunted growth, plant death. Causes: Excessive water in the soil leading to a lack of oxygen.
Drought Stress
Symptoms: Wilted leaves, stunted growth, leaf curling. Causes: Lack of sufficient water in the soil due to prolonged dry weather or inadequate irrigation.
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