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Pesticide Modes of Action
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Organophosphates
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, leading to accumulation of acetylcholine and paralysis of the pest
Carbamates
Reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, causing disruption of nerve impulses
Pyrethroids
Modulate sodium channels, causing prolonged depolarization and paralysis
Neonicotinoids
Acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing overstimulation and death
Herbicides: Glyphosate
Inhibits EPSP synthase, essential for aromatic amino acid synthesis
Insect Growth Regulators
Mimic or inhibit hormones to disrupt insect development and reproduction
Fungicides: Triazoles
Inhibits sterol 14α-demethylase, affecting membrane synthesis in fungi
Fungicides: Strobilurins
Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at complex III
Bactericides: Copper Compounds
Disrupt enzyme activities and cell integrity in bacteria
Rodenticides
Typically anticoagulants, affecting blood clotting and causing internal bleeding
Herbicides: Atrazine
Inhibits photosynthesis at photosystem II
Acaricides
Targets mites and ticks often by disrupting neural transmission
Predacides
Chemicals used to control predatory animals
Molluscicides
Chemicals designed to target snails and slugs
Nematicides
Pesticides that specifically target nematodes (roundworms)
Herbicides: 2,4-D
Mimics natural plant hormones (auxins), causing uncontrolled growth and death in broadleaf weeds
Spinosyns
Targets the insect's nervous system, causing paralysis and death
Herbicides: Dicamba
Acts like a growth hormone, leading to abnormal growth and plant death
Fungicides: Benzimidazoles
Inhibit microtubule assembly in fungi, disrupting cell division
Bactericides: Streptomycin
Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to their ribosome
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