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Endophytes and Plant Health
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Neotyphodium coenophialum
Enhances growth, drought resistance, and pest and grazing protection for Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Epichloë festucae
Improves drought tolerance and resistance to insects in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Piriformospora indica
Promotes growth, nutrient acquisition, and stress tolerance in a variety of plants
Rhizobia
Nitrogen fixation in legumes, which enhances soil fertility and reduces need for chemical fertilizers
Mycorrhizal Fungi
Improves nutrient and water uptake for a wide range of plants and helps with soil structure
Bacillus subtilis
Induces systemic resistance to pathogens and promotes plant growth in various crops
Trichoderma spp.
Enhances plant immunity, promotes growth, and controls several plant pathogens
Glomus intraradices
Increases resistance to root pathogens and helps in nutrient acquisition, especially phosphorus, in many crops
Penicillium sp.
Can promote plant growth, enhance immune response, and provide drought resistance
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Suppresses soil-borne diseases, promotes plant growth, and induces systemic resistance in host plant
Frankia spp.
Performs nitrogen fixation in non-leguminous plants, improving soil nitrogen content
Acremonium lolii
Conveys increased resistance to pests and stress tolerance in Lolium spp.
Azospirillum spp.
Promotes growth and increases yield in cereal and forage grasses by fixing atmospheric nitrogen
Colletotrichum tofieldiae
Facilitates phosphate uptake for Arabidopsis and perhaps other Brassicaceae family members
Streptomyces spp.
Enhances plant defenses against pathogens and provides improved tolerance to stress conditions
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