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Symptoms: Mosaic and distortion of leaves, stunted growth. Transmission: Whiteflies, infected stakes. Management: Use disease-free cuttings, control whitefly population, uproot infected plants.

Symptoms: Downward rolling of leaves, reduced grape yield and quality. Transmission: Mealybugs, scale insects; propagation of infected material. Management: Use virus-free plant material, control vector insects.

Symptoms: Ringspots on fruits and leaves, stunting of plants. Transmission: Aphids, mechanical transmission. Management: Use resistant varieties, control aphids, destroy infected plants.

Symptoms: Ring-shaped spots on leaves, deformation of fruit. Transmission: Aphids, grafting with infected material. Management: Use certified virus-free material, control aphid vectors, remove infected trees.

Symptoms: Rolling of leaf tips, leaf purpling, stunted tuber growth. Transmission: Aphids, vegetative propagation. Management: Use virus-free planting material, control aphids, destroy volunteer plants.

Symptoms: Streaking and mottling of leaves, reduced yield. Transmission: Spread by wheat curl mite, mechanical damage. Management: Destroy volunteer wheat, manage mite population, resistant varieties.

Symptoms: Mosaic pattern on leaves, dwarfing of plants. Transmission: Spread by aphids. Management: Control aphid population, plant resistant varieties, crop rotation.

Symptoms: Mottling and distortion of leaves, reduced seed quality. Transmission: Seed transmission, aphids. Management: Use disease-free seed, control aphid vectors, practice crop rotation.

Symptoms: Yellowing or reddening of leaves, stunted growth. Transmission: Aphids. Management: Plant resistant varieties, control aphid population, monitor fields.

Symptoms: Yellow mottling of leaves, stunted growth, yield loss. Transmission: Mechanical, beetles, and water. Management: Use resistant varieties, water management to reduce beetle movement.

Symptoms: Mosaic patterns on leaves, stunted growth. Transmission: Contact with infected tools, hands, plants. Management: Remove affected plants, sanitize equipment.

Symptoms: Streaking of banana leaves, yield reduction. Transmission: Mealybugs, vegetative propagation. Management: Use tissue-cultured plants, control mealybugs, remove infected plants.

Symptoms: Stem pitting, decline in tree vigor, leaf cupping. Transmission: Aphids, by grafting of infected budwood. Management: Plant certified disease-free stock, control aphid vectors.

Symptoms: Mosaic, mottling and puckering of leaves. Transmission: Grafting with infected material, mechanical injury. Management: Use pathogen-free propagation material, avoid tool transmission, remove symptomatic trees.

Symptoms: Dark spots on leaves and fruit, wilted plants. Transmission: Spread by thrips. Management: Control thrips, eliminate weeds, and use resistant cultivars.

Symptoms: Bunchy top of leaves, dwarfed fruit bunches. Transmission: Banana aphid and vegetative propagation. Management: Eradicate infected plants, control aphids, use clean planting material.

Symptoms: Mosaic pattern on leaves, malformed pods. Transmission: Seed transmission, aphids. Management: Use disease-free seed, control aphids, practice crop rotation.

Symptoms: Yellowing of leaves, leaf drop, reduced yields. Transmission: Spread by aphids and mechanical means. Management: Use virus-free planting material, control aphids.

Symptoms: Mosaics on leaves, ring spots, stunted plants. Transmission: Aphids, mechanical transfer. Management: Remove weeds, control aphids, use disease-free seeds.