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Egg Grading and Quality

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AA Grade Egg

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Highest quality, with firm and thick albumen, clean and unbroken shell, and centered yolk with small air cell.

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Shell Thickness

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No standard measurement, but shells must be sufficiently thick to prevent cracks and protect contents.

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Bloom or Cuticle

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Outermost coating of eggshell that helps prevent bacterial entry; should be intact in higher grades.

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Candling Process

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Quality check method where light is used to observe internal egg structures and defects such as blood spots and air cell size.

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Storing Temperature

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Eggs should be stored at temperatures below 45°F to maintain quality and safety.

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Refractometer Reading

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Used to measure the concentration of dissolved substances in egg albumen, an indication of quality.

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Air Cell Size

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Determines grade; smaller in AA (<1/8 inch), moderate in A (<3/16 inch), large in B (up to 3/8 inch).

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Odd-Shaped Eggs

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Eggs with unusual shapes that do not typically meet AA or A grade standards.

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A Grade Egg

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High quality, with reasonably firm albumen, clean and unbroken shell, and yolk slightly off-center is acceptable.

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Egg Size or Weight

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Does not affect the grade directly but is used for classification: Jumbo, Extra Large, Large, Medium, Small, and Peewee.

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Color of Shell

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Does not affect the grade; eggs can be white or brown depending on the breed of the hen.

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B Grade Egg

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Moderate quality, with looser albumen, shell may have slight stains, and larger air cell, suitable for processing.

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Egg Freshness

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Reflected by small air cell, high Haugh unit score, firm albumen, and yolk slightly above center with a round, intact shape.

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Julian Date

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The date of packaging expressed as the number of days since the beginning of the calendar year, indicating egg freshness.

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Albumen Quality

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Judged by clearness and viscosity; higher grades have clearer and thicker albumen.

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Yolk Quality

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Quality judged by the distinctness of the outline and absence of defects; should be well-centered in higher grades.

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Shell Quality

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Should be clean, unbroken, and with normal shape; higher grades have no stains or ridges.

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Grading by USDA

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United States Department of Agriculture sets the standards and certifies egg grading practices.

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Haugh Unit

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A measure of albumen quality related to freshness; calculated from egg weight and albumen height.

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Meat and Blood Spots

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These are quality defects; should not be present in AA or A grade eggs but are allowed in small amounts in B grade.

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