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Common Building Materials
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Drywall
Properties: Fire protection, quick to install, easy to repair. Uses: Interior walls and ceilings, partitions.
Porcelain
Properties: Hardness, whiteness, translucence. Uses: Tiles, sanitary ware, electrical insulators.
Zinc
Properties: Corrosion-resistant, formable, recyclable. Uses: Roofing, gutters, downspouts.
Aerated Concrete
Properties: Lightweight, insulation properties, workability. Uses: Low-load bearing wall panels, insulation, precast floors.
Geosynthetics
Properties: Durability, filtration, soil reinforcement. Uses: Landfills, drainage systems, road construction.
Reinforced Concrete
Properties: Enhanced tensile strength, ductility, versatility. Uses: Bridges, high-rise buildings, overpasses.
Aluminum
Properties: Lightweight, corrosion resistance, high conductivity. Uses: Window frames, doors, exterior cladding.
Polycarbonate
Properties: High impact resistance, transparency, insulating. Uses: Skylights, greenhouses, protective shields.
Brick
Properties: Longevity, fire resistance, low maintenance. Uses: Walls, pavements, fireplaces.
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)
Properties: Lightweight, thermal insulation, shock absorber. Uses: Insulation boards, packaging, lightweight concrete blocks.
Fiberglass
Properties: Non-conductive, lightweight, moldable. Uses: Insulation, roofing panels, windows.
Rubber
Properties: High elasticity, water resistance, shock absorption. Uses: Flooring, waterproof membranes, gaskets.
Acrylic
Properties: Transparency, UV resistance, lightweight. Uses: Signs, light fixtures, window panels.
Bamboo
Properties: High tensile strength, rapid growth, sustainability. Uses: Scaffolding, flooring, architectural features.
Silicone
Properties: Thermal stability, flexibility, waterproof. Uses: Sealants, insulation, molds.
Lime
Properties: High pH, carbonation, plasticity. Uses: Mortar, plasters, stabilizing clay soils.
Stone
Properties: Durability, natural beauty, high thermal mass. Uses: Flooring, walls, countertops.
Mud Brick
Properties: Thermal mass, low cost, low environmental impact. Uses: Load-bearing walls, historical replicas, eco-homes.
PVC
Properties: Chemical resistance, lightweight, easy to install. Uses: Pipes, window frames, cable insulation.
Steel
Properties: High tensile strength, malleability, ductility. Uses: Structural frames, reinforcements, fasteners.
Ceramic Tile
Properties: Water resistance, durability, easy to clean. Uses: Flooring, backsplashes, bathrooms.
Wood
Properties: Natural insulator, aesthetic variation, renewable. Uses: Framing, flooring, decorative elements.
Insulation Foam
Properties: Thermal insulation, soundproofing, moisture resistance. Uses: Insulating walls, roofs, foundations.
Concrete
Properties: Compressive strength, durability, fire resistance. Uses: Foundations, structural components, pavements.
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Properties: High strength, uniformity, resistance to warping. Uses: Beams, headers, columns.
Titanium
Properties: High strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility. Uses: High-performance buildings, ornamental applications, aerospace construction.
Asphalt
Properties: Waterproof, adhesive, flexibility. Uses: Road paving, roofing, waterproofing.
Copper
Properties: Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance. Uses: Plumbing, roofing, electrical wiring.
Terracotta
Properties: Porous, aesthetic warmth, durable. Uses: Roof tiles, architectural elements, plant pots.
Lead
Properties: Heavy, malleable, soundproof. Uses: Radiation shielding, roofing, batteries.
Fiber Cement
Properties: Fire and moisture resistant, durable, low maintenance. Uses: Siding, roofing, tile underlay.
Thatch
Properties: Natural look, insulating, sustainability. Uses: Roofing material, wall coverings, eco-friendly buildings.
Gypsum
Properties: Fire resistant, sound insulating, versatile. Uses: Drywall, plaster products, ceiling tiles.
Slate
Properties: Long-lasting, fireproof, beautiful color variations. Uses: Roofing tiles, flooring, siding.
Glass
Properties: Transparency, brittleness, recyclable. Uses: Windows, doors, facades.
Plaster
Properties: Fire resistance, good acoustic properties, easy to shape. Uses: Internal walls finish, ceilings, ornamental molding.
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)
Properties: Dimensional stability, prefab capability, aesthetic appeal. Uses: Walls, floors, roofs in mid-rise buildings.
Aggregate
Properties: Granularity, variable strength, bulkiness. Uses: Concrete production, road base, landscaping.
Stainless Steel
Properties: Corrosion resistance, strength, polished finish. Uses: Metal cladding, handrails, kitchen surfaces.
Carbon Fiber
Properties: High stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight. Uses: Reinforcement in high-performance concrete, bridges, structural retrofitting.
Linoleum
Properties: Biodegradable, antistatic, resilient. Uses: Flooring, countertops, wall coverings.
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