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Common Building Materials

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Drywall

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Properties: Fire protection, quick to install, easy to repair. Uses: Interior walls and ceilings, partitions.

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Porcelain

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Properties: Hardness, whiteness, translucence. Uses: Tiles, sanitary ware, electrical insulators.

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Zinc

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Properties: Corrosion-resistant, formable, recyclable. Uses: Roofing, gutters, downspouts.

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Aerated Concrete

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Properties: Lightweight, insulation properties, workability. Uses: Low-load bearing wall panels, insulation, precast floors.

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Geosynthetics

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Properties: Durability, filtration, soil reinforcement. Uses: Landfills, drainage systems, road construction.

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Reinforced Concrete

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Properties: Enhanced tensile strength, ductility, versatility. Uses: Bridges, high-rise buildings, overpasses.

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Aluminum

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Properties: Lightweight, corrosion resistance, high conductivity. Uses: Window frames, doors, exterior cladding.

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Polycarbonate

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Properties: High impact resistance, transparency, insulating. Uses: Skylights, greenhouses, protective shields.

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Brick

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Properties: Longevity, fire resistance, low maintenance. Uses: Walls, pavements, fireplaces.

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Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

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Properties: Lightweight, thermal insulation, shock absorber. Uses: Insulation boards, packaging, lightweight concrete blocks.

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Fiberglass

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Properties: Non-conductive, lightweight, moldable. Uses: Insulation, roofing panels, windows.

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Rubber

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Properties: High elasticity, water resistance, shock absorption. Uses: Flooring, waterproof membranes, gaskets.

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Acrylic

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Properties: Transparency, UV resistance, lightweight. Uses: Signs, light fixtures, window panels.

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Bamboo

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Properties: High tensile strength, rapid growth, sustainability. Uses: Scaffolding, flooring, architectural features.

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Silicone

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Properties: Thermal stability, flexibility, waterproof. Uses: Sealants, insulation, molds.

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Lime

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Properties: High pH, carbonation, plasticity. Uses: Mortar, plasters, stabilizing clay soils.

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Stone

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Properties: Durability, natural beauty, high thermal mass. Uses: Flooring, walls, countertops.

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Mud Brick

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Properties: Thermal mass, low cost, low environmental impact. Uses: Load-bearing walls, historical replicas, eco-homes.

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PVC

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Properties: Chemical resistance, lightweight, easy to install. Uses: Pipes, window frames, cable insulation.

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Steel

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Properties: High tensile strength, malleability, ductility. Uses: Structural frames, reinforcements, fasteners.

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Ceramic Tile

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Properties: Water resistance, durability, easy to clean. Uses: Flooring, backsplashes, bathrooms.

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Wood

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Properties: Natural insulator, aesthetic variation, renewable. Uses: Framing, flooring, decorative elements.

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Insulation Foam

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Properties: Thermal insulation, soundproofing, moisture resistance. Uses: Insulating walls, roofs, foundations.

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Concrete

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Properties: Compressive strength, durability, fire resistance. Uses: Foundations, structural components, pavements.

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Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

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Properties: High strength, uniformity, resistance to warping. Uses: Beams, headers, columns.

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Titanium

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Properties: High strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility. Uses: High-performance buildings, ornamental applications, aerospace construction.

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Asphalt

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Properties: Waterproof, adhesive, flexibility. Uses: Road paving, roofing, waterproofing.

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Copper

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Properties: Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance. Uses: Plumbing, roofing, electrical wiring.

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Terracotta

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Properties: Porous, aesthetic warmth, durable. Uses: Roof tiles, architectural elements, plant pots.

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Lead

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Properties: Heavy, malleable, soundproof. Uses: Radiation shielding, roofing, batteries.

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Fiber Cement

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Properties: Fire and moisture resistant, durable, low maintenance. Uses: Siding, roofing, tile underlay.

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Thatch

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Properties: Natural look, insulating, sustainability. Uses: Roofing material, wall coverings, eco-friendly buildings.

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Gypsum

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Properties: Fire resistant, sound insulating, versatile. Uses: Drywall, plaster products, ceiling tiles.

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Slate

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Properties: Long-lasting, fireproof, beautiful color variations. Uses: Roofing tiles, flooring, siding.

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Glass

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Properties: Transparency, brittleness, recyclable. Uses: Windows, doors, facades.

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Plaster

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Properties: Fire resistance, good acoustic properties, easy to shape. Uses: Internal walls finish, ceilings, ornamental molding.

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Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)

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Properties: Dimensional stability, prefab capability, aesthetic appeal. Uses: Walls, floors, roofs in mid-rise buildings.

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Aggregate

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Properties: Granularity, variable strength, bulkiness. Uses: Concrete production, road base, landscaping.

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Stainless Steel

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Properties: Corrosion resistance, strength, polished finish. Uses: Metal cladding, handrails, kitchen surfaces.

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Carbon Fiber

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Properties: High stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight. Uses: Reinforcement in high-performance concrete, bridges, structural retrofitting.

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Linoleum

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Properties: Biodegradable, antistatic, resilient. Uses: Flooring, countertops, wall coverings.

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