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Doors that are designed to resist the spread of fire and smoke for a specific time period. They are a critical component of a building's passive fire protection system.

Physical barriers designed to stop or slow the spread of fire. They are used in landscaping and building design, such as firewalls and fire-resistant vegetation.

Portable devices that release a substance to suppress a fire. Depending on the type, they might use foam, powder, carbon dioxide, or other materials. Suitable for quick response to small fires.

Blankets made of fire-retardant materials that are used to smother small fires or wrap around a person whose clothes are on fire. They are common in kitchens and laboratories.

A centralized location in a building where fire detection, alarm, and suppression systems are monitored and controlled. It is also where firefighters can coordinate their efforts during an emergency.

Mechanical devices that boost water pressure and flow to sprinkler heads and standpipe systems, ensuring that water is available at the required pressure during a fire event.

Materials that are used in the construction of buildings to prevent the spread of fire. These include fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors. They are rated by the amount of time they can withstand fire exposure.

Pre-designed strategies for the safe removal of people from a building during a fire. These include designated exits, assembly points, and procedures for assisting those with disabilities.

Coatings that expand when exposed to heat, forming a char that insulates the material beneath. Used in structural steel and wood to increase fire-resistance times.

Mechanical devices installed in air ducts that close automatically when a rise in temperature is detected, preventing the spread of fire and smoke through the ventilation system.

Fire suppression systems that use fine water sprays to cool the flame and displace oxygen. They are effective against a variety of fire classes and minimize water damage.

Automatic sprinkler systems activate when a predetermined heat threshold is exceeded, releasing water to extinguish or control the fire. They are used in commercial, industrial, and high-density residential buildings.

Building design features that provide accessible routes and facilities for firefighters, which include wider doors, exterior access to each floor, and access to water supplies.

Fire suppression systems using inert gases such as nitrogen or argon to reduce oxygen levels around a fire, effectively suppressing combustion without leaving residue.

A network of pipes designed to provide water for hose lines in strategic locations within a building. Used by firefighters to combat fires on upper floors of high-rise buildings.

Substances added to materials to inhibit or delay the combustion process, used in fabrics, electronics, and construction materials to increase fire resistance.

Illuminated pathways and signs that guide occupants to safety in case of fire. They must be well maintained and visible even in smoky conditions.

Systems that use sensors to detect fire or smoke, then alert building occupants or a monitoring service. They play a key role in the swift evacuation and response to a fire.

Detection systems that emit a signal when smoke is present, providing early warning of fire. Installed in virtually all building types and are often interconnected for better coverage.