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A clean-out is an accessible section of a sewage line that allows a place to clear blockages in the system.

A pressure reducing valve automatically reduces the incoming water pressure from a city's main water supply to a lower, more usable level for the home.

A temperature and pressure (T&P) relief valve is a safety device used on water heaters to prevent the tank from bursting if the temperature or pressure gets too high.

The main water line is the principal pipe in a water supply system that distributes water from the public water supply to a home or building.

A storm drain is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces to prevent flooding.

A faucet aerator is a device attached to the tip of a faucet that introduces air into the water flow to reduce splashing and decrease water use without lowering water pressure.

A coupling is a fitting that allows two pipes to be joined together to continue a run of pipe or to repair a broken line.

A soil pipe is a large pipe that conveys sewage from a fixturer to the main drain line or sewer.

A sweat fitting is a type of copper pipe fitting that is joined to a pipe by soldering, using heat and a copper alloy filler.

A dielectric union is a fitting designed to join two pipes made from different metals to prevent galvanic corrosion, which occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact with each other in the presence of an electrolyte.

Gallons per flush (GPF) is a measure of how much water a toilet uses per flush, a crucial factor in water conservation efforts.

A union is a plumbing fitting that allows the convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement.

A plunger is a common household tool used to release stoppages in plumbing by creating a pressure difference that pushes the blockage clear.

In plumbing, a fixture is an exchangeable device that can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water.

A ball valve is a shut-off valve that controls the flow of a liquid or gas by means of a rotary ball having a bore.

An O-ring is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section used to seal two or more parts together to prevent the passage of liquids or gases.

Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.

A vent stack in plumbing systems is a vertical pipe that provides ventilation for waste and sewage pipes, equalizes pressure, and allows sewer gases to escape to the outdoor atmosphere.

A flapper valve in a toilet is the rubber mechanism in the tank that lifts to let water out of the tank when the toilet is flushed and closes to allow it to refill.

A pipe wrench is a type of adjustable wrench used in plumbing to grip and turn pipes or fittings.

Greywater is wastewater generated from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing, which can be recycled on-site for uses such as landscape irrigation and constructed wetlands.

A shutoff valve is a mechanical device that blocks the flow of water (or gas) in plumbing to allow for maintenance or in case of emergency.

Teflon tape, also known as PTFE Tape or plumber's tape, is used to seal pipe threads to prevent leaks at the joints.

A check valve, or one-way valve, allows fluid to flow through it in only one direction, preventing backflow in a piping system.

A P-trap is a plumbing fixture that has several purposes; it traps debris that has drained from the sink and prevents it from forming a clog deep within the plumbing system, and it prevents sewer gases from passing into the home.

A septic tank is a large tank where solids settle and decompose and effluent is discharged to a leach field for soil-based filtration.

A sump pump is a submersible pump used to remove accumulated water from a sump basin, commonly found in the basement of homes.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipe is a black plastic pipe used for drain, waste, and vent lines in plumbing systems.

A water hammer arrestor is a device installed in plumbing systems to absorb the shock when water flow is suddenly stopped, known as a water hammer.