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Pavement Design Essentials
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Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP)




A type of rigid pavement design with continuous reinforcement and without joints, allowing for controlled cracking.




Distress Analysis




The process of identifying, measuring, and assessing various forms of pavement deterioration to determine needed maintenance or rehabilitation.




Subgrade Stabilization




The process of using additives to increase the load-bearing capacity and control the swell-shrink properties of the subgrade soil.




Perpetual Pavement




A concept of building pavements with multiple layers designed to last longer than 50 years without requiring major structural rehabilitation.




Poisson's Ratio




A constant value that defines the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain in a material when it is stretched or compacted.




Pavement Surface




The top layer of a pavement system, it provides a smooth and durable travel surface and is designed to resist skidding, abrasion, and weather.




Pavement Management System (PMS)




A set of tools or methods that aid decision-makers in maintaining pavement networks effectively and economically.




Base Course




A layer of material lying just beneath the pavement surface that helps distribute traffic loads to the subbase and subgrade.




Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k-value)




A value that represents the subgrade soil's resistance to deformation under a pavement system (Unit: lb/in³ or kPa/mm).




Deflection




The downward movement of a pavement surface under load, used to infer information about the pavement's structural condition.




Drainage Design




The design aspect focusing on the removal of surface and subsurface water from the pavement to improve performance and prevent damage.




Grade




The slope or inclination of the pavement surface, essential for proper drainage and water runoff.




Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)




A type of rigid pavement that consists of concrete slabs with no reinforcements, separated by joints to control cracking.




Pavement Performance




A measure of how well a pavement structure supports the traffic loadings and environmental conditions over its service life.




Flexible Pavement




A type of pavement structure that can bend under loads without cracking, typically consisting of asphalt surface, base, subbase, and subgrade layers.




Rigid Pavement




A pavement structure that disperses loads over a wide area, primarily constructed of concrete with reinforcing steel.




Frost Heave




The upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions due to an increase in soil moisture content.




Pavement Deterioration




This refers to the process by which a pavement loses its integrity and functionality over time due to factors such as traffic loads and environmental conditions.




Superpave




SHRP's Asphalt Research Program which resulted in an improved system for specifying asphalt binders and mix design.




Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL)




A concept that converts axle loads of various magnitudes and repetitions to a standard equivalent, simplifying design and analysis.




California Bearing Ratio (CBR)




A test used to evaluate the subgrade soil's strength related to road base materials by measuring the soil's bearing capacity.




Subgrade




The soil layer beneath a pavement system which provides support to the pavement structure. It is important for ensuring structural capacity and drainage.




Subbase




A layer of material between the base and the subgrade that provides drainage and can improve load distribution and frost action protection.




Asphalt Binder




The viscous material produced from refining crude oil that holds the aggregate particles together in an asphalt pavement.




Load Transfer




The method by which load is distributed from one pavement slab to another, reducing the stress on the pavement.
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