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Construction Contract Types
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Target Cost Contract
A contract where a target cost is established. Cost savings are shared between client and contractor, promoting a mutual interest in cost efficiency.
Fixed Price Contract
A contract where the cost is predetermined and will not change, regardless of the actual expenses. Used when the scope and schedule are clear.
Lump Sum Contract
A fixed total price for all work. Ideal for projects with well-defined scopes and low risk of required changes.
Unit Price Contract
A contract where payment is based on a per-unit rate for items. Useful when quantities are variable and cannot be accurately pre-determined.
Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract
A cost-type contract with a ceiling price. The contractor covers any excess costs. Used when the client wants cost certainty.
Percentage of Construction Fee Contract
A contract where the contractor is paid a percentage of the total construction cost. Suitable for when costs are expected to fluctuate.
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Contract
A contract structure where a developer builds a facility, operates it for a specified duration, and then transfers it to the government or owner.
Cost Reimbursable Contract
Similar to Cost Plus, the contractor is reimbursed for actual costs and paid a fee. It’s used in projects with unpredictable scopes.
Job Order Contracting (JOC)
A contract used in government projects that allows multiple tasks over a period of time at pre-negotiated prices. Speeds up the contracting process.
Design-Bid-Build Contract
A sequential contract process split into design, then bid, then build phases. Traditional method providing clear project scope before construction begins.
Partnering Contract
A contractual agreement that aims to establish a spirit of cooperation between parties, often involving a shared vision and mutual goals.
Multiple Award Construction Contract
A selection of multiple firms for construction services, where each firm is awarded tasks on the basis of task order competitions. Used by governments.
Construction Management at Risk (CMAR) Contract
A contract where the construction manager commits to deliver the project within a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) and acts as consultant and contractor.
Time and Materials Contract
A contract based on actual time spent and materials used. Suitable for small jobs or when the scope of work is uncertain.
Turnkey Contract
A contract where the contractor is responsible for entire project completion and delivery to the client ready for use. Common in industrial projects.
Cost Plus Contract
A contract where the owner agrees to pay the cost of the work plus a fee, often with a max price. Used when scope is not well-defined.
Design-Build Contract
A contract where one entity performs both design and construction. Favored for fast-tracked projects or when a single point of responsibility is preferred.
Integrated Project Delivery Contract
A contract where all parties (owner, contractor, designer) are aligned in all phases of construction, sharing risks and rewards.
Alliance Contracting
A collaborative contract where all parties share the risks and benefits of the project, often involving joint management.
Incentive Contract
A contract with financial incentives for meeting or exceeding performance targets. Encourages contractor efficiency and goal attainment.
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