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Construction Contract Types
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Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract
A cost-type contract with a ceiling price. The contractor covers any excess costs. Used when the client wants cost certainty.
Target Cost Contract
A contract where a target cost is established. Cost savings are shared between client and contractor, promoting a mutual interest in cost efficiency.
Partnering Contract
A contractual agreement that aims to establish a spirit of cooperation between parties, often involving a shared vision and mutual goals.
Cost Plus Contract
A contract where the owner agrees to pay the cost of the work plus a fee, often with a max price. Used when scope is not well-defined.
Turnkey Contract
A contract where the contractor is responsible for entire project completion and delivery to the client ready for use. Common in industrial projects.
Job Order Contracting (JOC)
A contract used in government projects that allows multiple tasks over a period of time at pre-negotiated prices. Speeds up the contracting process.
Multiple Award Construction Contract
A selection of multiple firms for construction services, where each firm is awarded tasks on the basis of task order competitions. Used by governments.
Lump Sum Contract
A fixed total price for all work. Ideal for projects with well-defined scopes and low risk of required changes.
Alliance Contracting
A collaborative contract where all parties share the risks and benefits of the project, often involving joint management.
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Contract
A contract structure where a developer builds a facility, operates it for a specified duration, and then transfers it to the government or owner.
Construction Management at Risk (CMAR) Contract
A contract where the construction manager commits to deliver the project within a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) and acts as consultant and contractor.
Unit Price Contract
A contract where payment is based on a per-unit rate for items. Useful when quantities are variable and cannot be accurately pre-determined.
Fixed Price Contract
A contract where the cost is predetermined and will not change, regardless of the actual expenses. Used when the scope and schedule are clear.
Design-Bid-Build Contract
A sequential contract process split into design, then bid, then build phases. Traditional method providing clear project scope before construction begins.
Design-Build Contract
A contract where one entity performs both design and construction. Favored for fast-tracked projects or when a single point of responsibility is preferred.
Incentive Contract
A contract with financial incentives for meeting or exceeding performance targets. Encourages contractor efficiency and goal attainment.
Time and Materials Contract
A contract based on actual time spent and materials used. Suitable for small jobs or when the scope of work is uncertain.
Cost Reimbursable Contract
Similar to Cost Plus, the contractor is reimbursed for actual costs and paid a fee. It’s used in projects with unpredictable scopes.
Percentage of Construction Fee Contract
A contract where the contractor is paid a percentage of the total construction cost. Suitable for when costs are expected to fluctuate.
Integrated Project Delivery Contract
A contract where all parties (owner, contractor, designer) are aligned in all phases of construction, sharing risks and rewards.
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