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Basic Electronics Components

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Variable Capacitor

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Symbol: A capacitor symbol with an arrow through it, Function: A capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted, Example Usage: Tuning the frequency of radio receivers

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Diode

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Symbol: A triangle pointing towards a line, Function: Allows current to flow in only one direction, Example Usage: Converting AC to DC (rectification)

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Switch

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Symbol: Two dots connected by a line that can be opened or closed, Function: Controls the completion or interruption of a circuit pathway, Example Usage: Turning devices on or off

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Circuit Breaker

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Symbol: A switch symbol with a little arc next to it, Function: A safety device that interrupts the circuit flow when excess current flows through it, Example Usage: Overcurrent protection for house and industrial wiring

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Inductor

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Symbol: A series of loops or a rectangle with a line through it, Function: Stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it, Example Usage: Chokes in RF circuits to filter signals

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Potentiometer

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Symbol: A resistor symbol with an arrow across it, Function: A three-terminal resistor with an adjustable resistance, Example Usage: Adjusting volume on audio equipment

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Thyristor (SCR)

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Symbol: Similar to a diode symbol with an additional control terminal, Function: A semiconductor device that can act as a switch, remaining open or closed depending on a gate signal, Example Usage: Controlling power in AC circuits, like in dimmer switches

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Capacitor

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Symbol: Two parallel lines with a gap between them, Function: Stores and releases electrical energy in a circuit, Example Usage: Smoothing out fluctuations in power supply

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Fuse

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Symbol: A rectangle with a squiggly line through it, Function: A safety device that interrupts the flow of current when it exceeds a certain temperature or current to protect components, Example Usage: Circuit protection in building wiring

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Transformer

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Symbol: Two inductors with lines intersecting them, Function: Transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction, Example Usage: Stepping up or down AC voltage levels

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Varactor Diode

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Symbol: A diode symbol with the letter V next to it, Function: A diode whose capacitance varies as a function of the voltage applied across its terminals, Example Usage: Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) in RF circuits

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Thermistor

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Symbol: A resistor symbol with a solid line through it at an angle, Function: A type of resistor whose resistance changes with temperature, Example Usage: Temperature sensing and control circuits

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Relay

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Symbol: A switch symbol with a coil next to it representing the electromagnet, Function: An electrically operated switch, commonly used for switching larger currents, Example Usage: Automotive electric systems

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Crystal Oscillator

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Symbol: A rectangle with two leads, Function: Uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency, Example Usage: Providing clock signals for digital integrated circuits

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Resistor

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Symbol: Typically a zigzag line or rectangle, Function: Controls the current flow through a circuit, Example Usage: Setting biasing conditions in amplifiers

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Transistor

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Symbol: A combination of diode symbols, Function: Amplifies or switches electronic signals, Example Usage: As a switch in digital logic circuits

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Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)

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Symbol: A triangle with two inputs and one output, Function: Amplifies the difference in voltage between its inputs, Example Usage: As a comparator in analog circuits

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Photodiode

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Symbol: A diode symbol with arrows pointing towards it, Function: Converts light into an electric current, Example Usage: In light sensing circuits

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Voltage Regulator

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Symbol: A three-terminal device symbol, Function: Provides a constant output voltage regardless of changes in input voltage or load conditions, Example Usage: Power supply circuits

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Light Emitting Diode (LED)

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Symbol: A diode symbol with two arrows pointing outwards, Function: Emits light when current passes through it, Example Usage: Indicator lights on electronic devices

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