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Basic Electronics Components
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Variable Capacitor
Symbol: A capacitor symbol with an arrow through it, Function: A capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted, Example Usage: Tuning the frequency of radio receivers
Diode
Symbol: A triangle pointing towards a line, Function: Allows current to flow in only one direction, Example Usage: Converting AC to DC (rectification)
Switch
Symbol: Two dots connected by a line that can be opened or closed, Function: Controls the completion or interruption of a circuit pathway, Example Usage: Turning devices on or off
Circuit Breaker
Symbol: A switch symbol with a little arc next to it, Function: A safety device that interrupts the circuit flow when excess current flows through it, Example Usage: Overcurrent protection for house and industrial wiring
Inductor
Symbol: A series of loops or a rectangle with a line through it, Function: Stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it, Example Usage: Chokes in RF circuits to filter signals
Potentiometer
Symbol: A resistor symbol with an arrow across it, Function: A three-terminal resistor with an adjustable resistance, Example Usage: Adjusting volume on audio equipment
Thyristor (SCR)
Symbol: Similar to a diode symbol with an additional control terminal, Function: A semiconductor device that can act as a switch, remaining open or closed depending on a gate signal, Example Usage: Controlling power in AC circuits, like in dimmer switches
Capacitor
Symbol: Two parallel lines with a gap between them, Function: Stores and releases electrical energy in a circuit, Example Usage: Smoothing out fluctuations in power supply
Fuse
Symbol: A rectangle with a squiggly line through it, Function: A safety device that interrupts the flow of current when it exceeds a certain temperature or current to protect components, Example Usage: Circuit protection in building wiring
Transformer
Symbol: Two inductors with lines intersecting them, Function: Transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction, Example Usage: Stepping up or down AC voltage levels
Varactor Diode
Symbol: A diode symbol with the letter V next to it, Function: A diode whose capacitance varies as a function of the voltage applied across its terminals, Example Usage: Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) in RF circuits
Thermistor
Symbol: A resistor symbol with a solid line through it at an angle, Function: A type of resistor whose resistance changes with temperature, Example Usage: Temperature sensing and control circuits
Relay
Symbol: A switch symbol with a coil next to it representing the electromagnet, Function: An electrically operated switch, commonly used for switching larger currents, Example Usage: Automotive electric systems
Crystal Oscillator
Symbol: A rectangle with two leads, Function: Uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency, Example Usage: Providing clock signals for digital integrated circuits
Resistor
Symbol: Typically a zigzag line or rectangle, Function: Controls the current flow through a circuit, Example Usage: Setting biasing conditions in amplifiers
Transistor
Symbol: A combination of diode symbols, Function: Amplifies or switches electronic signals, Example Usage: As a switch in digital logic circuits
Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)
Symbol: A triangle with two inputs and one output, Function: Amplifies the difference in voltage between its inputs, Example Usage: As a comparator in analog circuits
Photodiode
Symbol: A diode symbol with arrows pointing towards it, Function: Converts light into an electric current, Example Usage: In light sensing circuits
Voltage Regulator
Symbol: A three-terminal device symbol, Function: Provides a constant output voltage regardless of changes in input voltage or load conditions, Example Usage: Power supply circuits
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Symbol: A diode symbol with two arrows pointing outwards, Function: Emits light when current passes through it, Example Usage: Indicator lights on electronic devices
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