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Purpose: To serve as a fast and secure symmetric encryption algorithm. Brief Description: Blowfish is a variable-length key block cipher and was designed to be an alternative to DES or IDEA.

Purpose: Originally designed to provide encrypted secure communications. Brief Description: DES is now considered to be insecure due to its short key length, and has been replaced by AES in most applications.

Purpose: To enable two parties to generate a shared secret key used for secure communication over an insecure channel. Brief Description: Diffie-Hellman uses the discrete logarithm problem to allow the exchange of keys over a public channel.

Purpose: To provide the same level of security as RSA but with smaller key sizes. Brief Description: ECC is used for encryption, digital signatures, and key exchange, and it's based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.

Purpose: To securely transmit data through asymmetric encryption, often used for secure key exchange. Brief Description: RSA is widely used for secure data transmission and is based on the difficulty of factoring large integers.

Purpose: To secure end-to-end digital communication through symmetric encryption. Brief Description: AES is widely used in Wi-Fi security, VPNs, and for securing data transport layer in telecommunications.

Purpose: To provide a simple and efficient stream cipher. Brief Description: RC4 generates a pseudo-random stream of bits (a key-stream) that is then combined with the plaintext bytes via bitwise exclusive-or (XOR).

Purpose: To address the needs of encryption for higher safety against brute-force attacks. Brief Description: Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher and a finalist in the NIST's AES contest but was not selected.

Purpose: To serve as a strong encryption algorithm with the aim of being unbreakable. Brief Description: Serpent was a finalist in the NIST AES selection, designed to be highly secure and efficient in both hardware and software implementations.