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A centralized database that stores details of every subscriber that is authorized to use the cellular network. It manages subscriber’s service profile and location information.

Coordinates the routing of calls within the network and to external networks. It performs switching functions and database services such as billing, location updating, and handover requirements.

In 3G networks, the RNC controls multiple node Bs (equivalent to BTS in 2G), manages radio channels, and is responsible for handing off the connection from one cell to another.

The cell site provides the physical space where antennas and electronic communications equipment are placed. It is a component of a base station and has a direct impact on network coverage.

Antennas at the base station and within the mobile devices are responsible for the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals, thereby enabling wireless communication.

Controls multiple base transceiver stations, manages their resources, and handles the setup, frequency hopping, and handovers of calls. Essentially, BSC acts as a mid-level manager between the MSC and BTS.

Contains the radio equipment necessary to serve each cell in the network. It handles the radio communications with the mobile device including signal transmission and reception.

A base station consists of transceivers and antennas that facilitate wireless communication between the mobile devices and the network. It connects mobile users to the Network Backbone.

A temporary database which stores information about subscribers that are currently within the jurisdiction of the MSC it is attached to, aiding in call setup and roaming.