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In SDN, the control plane is the component of the network that determines how data packets should flow through the network, making decisions based on policies and network conditions.

In NFV, a VNF is a virtualized task formerly carried out by dedicated hardware, such as a firewall, load balancer, or NAT (Network Address Translation) service.

Software entity in an SDN architecture that serves as the 'brain' of the network, managing flow control to the networking devices, and making decisions about where to send packets based on the SDN policies.

A network architecture concept that virtualizes entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services.

In SDN, northbound APIs are used by applications and business logic above to communicate with the SDN Controller, providing a way to shape traffic and deploy services.

An approach to networking that uses software-based controllers or application programming interfaces (APIs) to direct traffic on the network and communicate with the underlying hardware infrastructure.

NFV concept wherein virtualized network functions (VNFs) are linked together to create a service. Traffic is steered through a series of these network functions, which are deployed in software.

An open standard for a southbound API in SDN which defines the protocol that the SDN Controller uses to communicate with the forwarding plane of network devices. It is one of the first standards that provided the means for SDN functionality.

The data plane is the part of the network that actually carries the users' data. In an SDN environment, it is typically decoupled from the control plane and is driven by it.