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OTDR is a device used to detect faults in an optical fiber by sending pulses of light down the fiber and measuring the reflected light.

Dispersion in optical fibers refers to the broadening of light pulses over distances, which can lead to signal distortion. It includes modal and chromatic dispersion.

Numerical Aperture (NA) is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.

Attenuation is the reduction in power of the light signal as it travels through the fiber. It is often measured in decibels per kilometer (dB/km).

The Core is the central part of an optical fiber through which light is transmitted. It has a higher refractive index than the cladding to keep the light contained.

Multi-mode fiber is an optical fiber that can carry multiple light modes simultaneously, used for short-distance communication due to modal dispersion.

MFD is the effective diameter of the core of a single-mode optical fiber where the majority of the light is contained and is a critical parameter for beam quality and splicing.

Fusion Splicing is the process of joining two optical fibers end-to-end using heat. It is the most widely used method for creating permanent joints.

WDM is a technology that combines multiple wavelengths of light into a single fiber to increase capacity. It includes CWDM and DWDM which stand for Coarse and Dense WDM, respectively.

Total Internal Reflection is the phenomenon that occurs when a light wave traveling through a medium hits the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle and reflects back entirely.

Chromatic Dispersion refers to the spreading of a pulse due to the different speeds of light wavelengths in a fiber, leading to signal distortion, more pronounced in single-mode fibers.

An Optical Amplifier is a device that amplifies the optical signal directly without the need to convert it to an electrical signal.

Cladding is the layer of material surrounding the core of an optical fiber, which reflects light back into the core to maintain signal integrity.

Refractive Index is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through a medium. It is the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium.

A Coupler is a device that divides or combines light from fibers, often used to split signals into multiple paths or to merge signals in optical networks.

A Fiber Optic Cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers used to transmit data as light pulses.

An Optical Connector is a component used to join optical fibers to each other or to other optical components, aiming to minimize light loss at the connection points.

Single-mode fiber is a type of optical fiber designed to carry light only along a single path or mode, ideal for long-distance, high bandwidth transmissions.

FBG is a reflective device built into an optical fiber that reflects particular wavelengths of light and transmits others, used for filtering and sensing applications.