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IPv4 vs IPv6
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IPsec support
IPsec support is optional in IPv4 and can be implemented above the IP layer, but it is built into the IPv6 protocol and is considered a fundamental feature.
Address space
IPv4 provides 32-bit address space allowing for 2^32 addresses, whereas IPv6 provides 128-bit address space allowing for 2^128 addresses.
Header complexity
IPv4 headers are 20-60 bytes with optional fields, while IPv6 headers have a fixed size of 40 bytes without optional fields but allow for extension headers.
Broadcast addressing
IPv4 supports broadcast addressing, which sends a packet to all devices on a network. IPv6 has eliminated broadcast addressing and replaced it with multicast to a group of devices and anycast to the nearest device in a group.
Fragmentation
IPv4 allows fragmentation by routers along the packet's delivery path, but IPv6 only allows the source node to perform fragmentation, removing this duty from routers.
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