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Filmmaker and explorer James Cameron successfully piloted the Deepsea Challenger to the Challenger Deep, illustrating the possibilities for private exploration and technological design in reaching the deepest parts of the ocean.

Developed by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan in 1943, SCUBA opened up new possibilities for human exploration, research, and recreation underwater.

These underwater 'lakes' of hyper-saline water were discovered at various ocean floor locations, revealing unique habitats that host specially adapted marine life.

Underwater explorer Robert Ballard discovered the wreck of the Titanic, which sank in 1912, using an unmanned submersible. This highlighted the importance of ocean exploration for uncovering historical artifacts.

Marked the birth of modern oceanography. The HMS Challenger surveyed the world's oceans, discovered over 4,000 new species, and laid the foundation for our understanding of ocean depths and marine life.

A global effort to catalog the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans, significantly enhancing our scientific knowledge and understanding of marine biodiversity.

Advances in sonar and satellite technology have allowed scientists to create detailed maps of the sea floor, revolutionizing our understanding of underwater landscapes.

In the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal nations gained exclusive rights to marine resources within 200 nautical miles of their shoreline, thus impacting ocean exploration and resource management.

First observed in the Galápagos Rift, hydrothermal vents support unique ecosystems, providing insight into life in extreme environments and the potential for life on other planets.

Oceanographer Charles Moore brought attention to large areas of the ocean covered by floating plastic debris, highlighting the impact of human waste on marine ecosystems.

The Trieste, piloted by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, reached the Challenger Deep, the deepest point in the Earth's oceans, at a depth of nearly 11,000 meters.