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Atoll reefs are ring-shaped coral reefs that encircle a lagoon, often built around the rim of a submerged volcanic island. Famous examples include the Maldives and the Bikini Atoll.

Fringing reefs are the most common type of coral reef. They are directly attached to the shore or border a lagoon. They are usually found in the Red Sea and around the coasts of East Africa and the Caribbean.

Patch reefs are small, isolated reefs that grow in shallow waters, usually within a lagoon or between fringing reefs. They provide habitat for a variety of marine life. Examples include those found in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific.

Barrier reefs are separated from the mainland or island shore by a deep lagoon. They often form around tropical islands and coastlines, including the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.