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Principles of Marine Ecology

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Disturbance

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A disturbance is an event that causes a significant change in the structure or function of a marine ecosystem, leading to a succession process.

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Limiting Factors

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The growth, distribution, and abundance of marine organisms are influenced by limiting factors like nutrient availability, light, and oxygen levels.

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Biogeography

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Marine biogeography studies the distribution of marine species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

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Productivity

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Primary productivity in the ocean is the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms to organic substances.

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Conservation and Management

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Marine conservation and management involve actions taken to maintain and restore the health of marine ecosystems, including the establishment of marine protected areas and sustainable fishing practices.

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Biotic Interactions

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Interactions among marine organisms, including predation, competition, and symbiosis, affect species distribution and ecosystem structure.

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Keystone Species

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A keystone species has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance, often influencing the structure of an entire ecosystem.

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Succession

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Ecological succession in marine environments describes the gradual process of change and replacement of species in an ecosystem.

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Biodiversity

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Marine biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life in the ocean, from genes and species to ecosystems, which is vital for maintaining ecosystem services.

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Nutrient Cycling

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Marine nutrient cycling involves the movement and exchange of nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus among marine organisms and the environment.

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Trophic Dynamics

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Trophic dynamics describe the feeding relationships between organisms which influence energy distribution and biomass in the marine environment.

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Carrying Capacity

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Carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources.

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Resilience

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Resilience in marine ecosystems refers to the ability of an ecosystem to absorb disturbances and still maintain its basic function and structure.

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Ecosystem Services

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Marine ecosystem services are the benefits provided by marine ecosystems to humans, including food, climate regulation, and opportunities for recreation and tourism.

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Energy Flow

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Energy flow in marine ecosystems follows the path from primary producers to various levels of consumers and is ultimately lost as heat.

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Ocean Zonation

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Marine life is distributed in zones defined by depth and distance from the shore, which are characterized by distinct physical and biological conditions.

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