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The Layers of the Atmosphere

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Troposphere

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Altitude range: 0-12 km. Characteristics: Contains most of Earth's weather; temperature decreases with altitude; contains the highest concentration of water vapor; air is well mixed.

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Thermosphere

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Altitude range: 85-600 km. Characteristics: Temperature increases with altitude; contains the ionosphere which reflects radio waves; Northern and Southern Lights occur in this layer; air density is very low.

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Exosphere

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Altitude range: Above 600 km. Characteristics: Outermost layer; air is extremely thin and composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; satellites orbit Earth within this layer; the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space.

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Stratosphere

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Altitude range: 12-50 km. Characteristics: Contains the ozone layer which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation; temperature increases with altitude due to ozone absorption of UV radiation; jet aircraft fly in this layer.

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Mesosphere

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Altitude range: 50-85 km. Characteristics: Coldest layer; temperature decreases with altitude; meteors burn up in this layer due to collisions with gas particles; it's difficult to study due to its altitude range.

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