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Indicators of Soil Health
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Organic Matter Content
Measured through loss-on-ignition or wet chemistry methods; significant for nutrient supply, soil structure, and water retention.
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
Measured by extracting cations using a chemical solution and quantifying them; reflects the soil's ability to hold and supply nutrients to plants.
Soil Penetration Resistance
Measured using a penetrometer; an indicator of soil compaction which can limit root penetration and water movement.
Water Holding Capacity
Assessed by saturating the soil and measuring the amount of water retained; relates to the soil's ability to supply water to plants.
Soil pH
Measured using a pH meter or pH paper; indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil, which affects nutrient availability and microbial activity.
Soil Texture
Determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay using a texture triangle or hydrometer method; influences water drainage and retention.
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Measured with an EC meter; signifies the salt concentration in soil, which can affect plant growth and soil microbial processes.
Soil Respiration
Measured by capturing and quantifying CO2 released from soil microorganisms; a sign of microbial activity and soil fertility.
Aggregate Stability
Evaluated by wet sieving or rainfall simulators; informs about the soil's resistance to erosion and ability to promote water infiltration and root growth.
Bulk Density
Measured by collecting a known volume of soil and determining its dry weight; gives an indication of soil compaction which impacts root growth and water infiltration.
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