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The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight, which can lead to the formation of sedimentary rock. Over time, these rocks can contribute to soil as they weather and erode.

The alteration of the mineral composition or structure of rock due to heat, pressure, and chemical processes. Metamorphic rocks can also contribute to soil once they are exposed at the surface and subject to weathering.

The movement of sediments from one place to another by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Erosion helps distribute these materials, which can eventually form soil.

The process by which eroded material is deposited by water, wind, ice, or gravity. The accumulation of these materials contributes to soil formation by layering sediments.

The process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by water, wind, and temperature changes. This is the first step in soil formation providing mineral content.