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Soil salinity can be measured using electrical conductivity (EC) meters. A higher EC value typically indicates greater salinity. Laboratory tests can also quantify the concentration of soluble salts.

Some plants have higher tolerance to soil salinity and can be cultivated in affected areas. These tend to have mechanisms like salt exclusion, compartmentalization, or excretion.

Leaching involves applying excess water to soil to flush out salts. This requires good drainage to prevent waterlogging. The process can be aided by using gypsum to displace sodium ions.

Preventive measures include using quality irrigation water, improving drainage, applying correct irrigation techniques, and adopting crop rotation with salt-tolerant species.

Soil salinization can occur due to natural processes such as mineral weathering or from human activities such as irrigation with saline water. Poor drainage and high evaporation rates can also contribute.