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Aggregate stability measures the ability of soil aggregates to resist disintegration when disturbed by forces such as water or tillage. Stable aggregates are crucial for maintaining soil structure and health.

Soil structure describes the arrangement of the soil particles into aggregates. Good structure allows for adequate air and water movement, promoting healthy root development.

Porosity is the volume of pores or voids in the soil. It is vital for water infiltration, storage, and the flow of air necessary for root respiration and microbial activity.

Soil texture refers to the proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles. It greatly influences water retention, drainage, and aeration, which are critical for plant growth.

Tillage practices affect soil structure by mechanically altering the soil. Proper tillage can improve aeration and water infiltration, but excessive tillage can damage soil structure and cause erosion.