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Soil Types and Textures

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Chalky Soil

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Alkaline soil that contains chalk or limestone, it can be poor in fertility, but with the addition of organic material, it can be improved.

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Sandy Soil

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This soil has a gritty texture, composed mostly of sand particles and has a high drainage rate.

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Loess Soil

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Extremely fine silty soil, this wind-deposited soil is fertile, rich in lime and very coherent when dry, but erodes easily when destabilized.

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Andosol Soil

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Volcanic origin soils that are fertile, dark and have a high capacity to hold water and nutrients due to unique mineralogy.

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Clay Soil

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Characterized by very fine particles that stick together, this soil has poor drainage and high nutrient content.

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Peaty Soil

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This soil is dark brown or black in color, rich in organic matter and has a high water content, often acidic.

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Vertisol Soil

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Dark clay soils that expand and contract depending on moisture. They are fertile but difficult to work with because of cracking when dry and stickiness when wet.

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Silty Soil

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Composed of fine particles smaller than sand but larger than clay, this soil has good water retention and is rich in nutrients.

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Laterite Soil

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Typically found in tropical and subtropical regions, this soil is rich in iron and aluminum, formed in hot and wet climates and often too poor in nutrients for farming.

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Pumice

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This type of soil is actually volcanic rock that is often used in gardening to improve aeration and modify the soil structure.

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Podzol Soil

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These soils are typically found beneath coniferous forest stands, acidic and poor in nutrients, characterized by a layered look with a clear leached layer.

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Loamy Soil

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Considered the ideal garden soil, this type contains a balance of sand, silt, and clay, plus humus. It has good structure, drainage, and holds nutrients.

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