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Calcite's ability to neutralize acids is essential for maintaining pH balance in soils.

Gibbsite indicates high rates of chemical weathering and is significant in tropical soils.

Dolomite contributes to soil magnesium content and can also help in correcting soil acidity.

Feldspar weathers to form clay minerals, which are important for soil structure and fertility.

Montmorillonite's high surface area and swelling properties contribute to its water retention and nutrient exchange in soils.

Illite retains nutrients such as potassium, which is vital for plant growth.

Gypsum improves soil structure, particularly in sodic soils, by displacing sodium with calcium.

Kaolinite contributes to soil structure stability and is less reactive compared to other clays regarding nutrient exchange.

Goethite affects soil color and is an indicator of soil drainage and aeration conditions.

Quartz is highly resistant to weathering and helps in determining the soil's age.

Mica influences soil texture and fertility through its weathering products, with potassium often being released.