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Fabric Finishing Techniques

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Sueding

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Also known as sanding or peach finishing, it involves passing fabric over a series of rollers covered with abrasive paper, creating a soft, suede-like surface.

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Brushing

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A mechanical process that involves brushing the surface of the fabric to remove loose fibers. It creates a soft, smooth finish.

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Calendering

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A mechanical finishing process in which fabric is passed between a series of rollers to influence the fabric's lustre, hand, and drape. It can also compress the fabric for a smoother surface.

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Sanforization

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A process of pre-shrinking fabric to a very precise degree to reduce subsequent shrinkage after use. Purpose is to ensure better dimensional stability and uniformity.

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Flame Retardant Finish

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The application of chemicals to make textiles less prone to catch fire and slow down the burning rate if they do ignite.

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Acid Washing

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A technique that involves tumbling clothes with pumice stones soaked in chlorine bleach, creating sharp contrasts in hue for a distressed appearance on denim.

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Mercerization

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A chemical treatment of cotton with sodium hydroxide, resulting in increased dye uptake, improved strength, and a silk-like luster.

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Starching

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Applying a starch solution to fabric which provides stiffness and body to the fabric. It offers a crisp hand and temporary finish that washes out.

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Water Repellent Finish

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Applying a finish that repels water to make the fabric resistant to rain and stains while still allowing it to be breathable.

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Bio-polishing

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An enzymatic treatment that removes fuzzy fibers from the fabric surface, resulting in a smooth, clean appearance and soft hand.

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Stone Washing

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The process of washing fabric, especially denim, with pumice stones to achieve a worn, faded look as well as softness.

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Silicone Finish

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Application of a silicone compound to the surface of fabric to impart softness, lubricity, and wrinkle resistance. It can also enhance tear strength and abrasion resistance.

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Mothproofing

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A chemical finish that makes woolen fabrics resistant to insect damage by preventing moth larvae from digesting the wool fibers.

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Laser Finishing

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A modern technique using laser technology to etch designs, distress, or modify the color of fabric, particularly denim, for a unique look.

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UV Protective Finish

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The application of UV absorbers or blockers to fabric to protect the skin from harmful UV rays.

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Anti-microbial Finish

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A finish involving the application of agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thus protecting against odor, stains, and fabric degradation.

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Softening

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The application of softener chemicals to fabric to improve its hand and drape. This finish makes the fabric more pleasant to touch.

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Anti-static Finish

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Treatment of fabric with compounds to prevent the build-up of static electricity, making the fabric more comfortable to wear and easier to handle.

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Anti-pilling Finish

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A treatment that helps to prevent the formation of pilling (small balls of fibers) on the surface of the fabric, thus enhancing the fabric's appearance over time.

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Plisse

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The application of a caustic soda solution to certain areas of the fabric to create permanent wrinkles or puckers, typically used for decorative effects.

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