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Fashion Merchandising Terms
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Break-Even Point
The quantity of goods a company must sell at a given price to cover all its costs. At the break-even point, the company does not make a profit or a loss. The formula is:
Visual Merchandising
The practice of designing floor layouts, displays, and presentations of products in a store to attract customers and encourage sales.
Sell-Through Rate
The ratio of the quantity of merchandise sold to the quantity of merchandise received, expressed as a percentage. It's used to evaluate the success of specific products or categories.
Keystone Pricing
The practice of setting the retail price at double the wholesale cost. It's a simple method to ensure a consistent profit margin but may not always be competitive.
Pop-Up Retail
Temporary retail spaces that sell merchandise of any kind. It's an opportunity for brands to interact with customers without committing to a permanent retail footprint.
Deadstock
Merchandise that was never sold to or used by consumers before being removed from sale, usually because it is out of date. It represents tied-up capital and potentially lost revenue.
Exclusive Distribution
An agreement between a supplier and a retailer granting the retailer exclusive rights within a particular geographic area to carry the supplier's product.
Direct-to-Consumer (D2C)
A model where a company sells its products directly to consumers, bypassing traditional retail intermediaries, which allows for more control over the brand, customer experience, and higher margins.
Markdown
A reduction from the original or previous retail price of merchandise, typically used to clear out-of-season goods or slow-moving items.
Drop Shipping
A retail fulfillment method where a store doesn't keep the products it sells in stock. Instead, when the store sells a product, it purchases the item from a third party and has it shipped directly to the customer.
Fast Fashion
Design, manufacturing, and marketing methods focused on rapidly producing high volumes of clothing to keep up with the latest fashion trends, often at the cost of ethical production standards.
Assortment Planning
The process of selecting the range of products that will be offered in particular areas during a particular time frame, aimed to meet customer demand and maximize sales.
Private Label
Products manufactured and sold under a retailer's brand name, offering exclusivity, control over production, margins, and customer loyalty.
Consumer Segmentation
The practice of dividing a customer base into groups of individuals with similar needs, traits, or behaviors, aiming for more targeted marketing and merchandising.
Open-to-Buy
A financial budget for retail merchandise that helps retailers manage inventory levels by planning the purchase of new merchandise while considering current inventory and sales.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
The use of radio waves to read and capture information stored on tags attached to objects. In retail, it's used for inventory tracking, loss prevention, and enhancing shopping experience.
Channel Conflict
A situation in which channels for the same product or service compete with each other, potentially driving down prices and margins or causing confusion for customers.
Planogram
A visual diagram or drawing that provides details on the placement and positioning of merchandise within a store. It optimizes retail space and improves customer experience.
Point of Purchase (POP) Display
Specialized form of sales promotion found near, on, or next to a checkout counter. It is designed to catch a shopper's eye and encourage impulse purchases.
Footfall
The number of people entering a shop or shopping area during a given time frame. It is an indication of potential sales opportunities and store popularity.
Inventory Turnover
A measure of how many times inventory is sold and replaced over a specific period, indicating the efficiency of inventory usage and management.
Same-store Sales
A business metric which compares the sales of a retail chain's existing stores over a certain period, typically on an annual basis, to sales from the same period in an earlier year.
Category Killer
A large retail chain that is so competitive in pricing and selection within a category that it dominates the category and drives out smaller competitors.
Consignment Inventory
Goods that are sent to a retail partner but remain the property of the supplier until sold. This can assist in managing capital and inventory risks.
Gross Margin
The difference between the cost of goods sold (COGS) and revenue from sales, often expressed as a percentage of revenue. It measures profitability before other expenses are deducted.
Anchor Store
A large and well-known retail store or chain that draws customers to the shopping center or mall in which it is located, thereby benefiting smaller retailers in the vicinity.
Loss Leader
A product sold at a low price, at or below its market cost to stimulate other profitable sales. It's a strategy to bring customers into the store with the expectation that they will buy other items.
SKU (Stock Keeping Unit)
A unique identifier for each distinct product and service that can be purchased in business. It helps retailers track inventory and sales data.
Shrinkage
The reduction in inventory due to shoplifting, employee theft, paperwork errors, or supplier fraud. It is one of the main causes of profit loss in retail.
Cross Merchandising
Displaying or promoting products from different categories together, aiming to create additional value and encourage multiple-item purchases.
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