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The presence of a gas-filled space within a consolidation, a mass, or a nodule, often indicating necrosis or infection.

Enlargement of lymph nodes that can be detected on chest imaging and may suggest infection, inflammation, or malignancy.

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. Indicates various conditions including infection, heart failure, or malignancy.

A small, rounded opacification less than 3 cm in diameter. Often found incidentally and may require follow-up to exclude cancer.

Short horizontal lines near the periphery of the lung on chest X-ray indicating interstitial pulmonary edema.

A pattern of interstitial lung disease with cystic air spaces typically seen in the periphery of the lungs and is characteristic of advanced fibrosis.

A radiographic appearance indicating involvement of the lung interstitium by various diseases, including fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia.

An abnormal enlargement of the mediastinum which can be indicative of trauma, aneurysm, or neoplasm.

Fibrosis of the pleura usually due to previous inflammation or exposure to asbestos. Seen as a thickened pleural line on imaging studies.

A finding on CT imaging with increased attenuation but preservation of bronchial and vascular markings. Can be due to inflammation, edema, or fibrosis.

Loss of the normal borders between thoracic structures on X-ray, often indicating a pathology that obscures the air-filled lung, such as consolidation.

The presence of nodules adjacent to the pleura, which can be secondary to infections like tuberculosis, metastatic disease, or rheumatoid arthritis.

A radiographic pattern with numerous small nodular densities throughout the lungs, resembling millet seeds. Often seen in disseminated tuberculosis or hematogenous metastases.

Chronic dilation and distortion of the bronchi, typically due to recurrent inflammation or infection, visible on imaging as enlarged airways.

Collapse of lung tissue leading to reduced or absent gas exchange. It may indicate underlying disease or post-surgical status.

A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with abnormal, permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and destruction of alveolar walls seen as areas of decreased attenuation on imaging.

Consolidation confined to a single pulmonary lobe, often due to pneumonia or obstructing mass causing post-obstructive pneumonia.

The presence of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. Can be spontaneous, traumatic, or iatrogenic.

A pattern seen on CT of the chest suggesting endobronchial spread of infection with branching opacities resembling a budding tree.

A pattern on imaging studies where air-filled bronchi are made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli; suggestive of consolidation.

A blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body usually by a blood clot. Imaging may show a filling defect in pulmonary vessels.

A pattern on high-resolution CT of the lungs characterized by scattered or diffuse ground-glass opacities with superimposed interlobular septal thickening and intralobular lines.

Region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air. Often a sign of pneumonia.

Excess fluid in the lungs, often due to left-sided heart failure. Seen as diffuse alveolar or interstitial opacities.