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The nose is the primary entry point for air and contains structures such as nostrils for air intake and nasal hairs to filter out dust and pathogens.

The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus, allowing the passage of air to the lungs and food to the stomach.

The trachea, or windpipe, is a cartilage-lined tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, providing a clear path for air to flow.

The larynx, or voice box, contains the vocal cords and is responsible for voice production, as well as providing an air passage to the lungs while preventing food from entering the trachea.

The pleura is a double-layered membrane surrounding each lung, providing lubrication and facilitating smooth expansion and contraction during breathing.

The bronchi are two main branches at the end of the trachea that lead into each lung, further branching into smaller bronchioles to distribute air throughout the lung.

Bronchioles are smaller airways that branch off from the bronchi, leading air to the alveoli. They have smooth muscle allowing for constriction and dilation.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs between inhaled air and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

The adenoids, or pharyngeal tonsils, are lymphatic tissue in the upper part of the throat that fight off infection, particularly in children.

The nasal cavity is a hollow space behind the nose where air is warmed, humidified, and filtered before passing to the lungs.

Respiratory mucus is produced by the cells of the respiratory tract to trap foreign particles and pathogens, and is moved by cilia to be expelled or swallowed.

The sinuses are air-filled spaces within the bones of the face and skull that help humidify and heat the air and contribute to voice resonance.

The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx that modulates the vocalizations produced by the larynx.

The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and assist with breathing by moving the ribcage during inhalation and exhalation.

The epiglottis is a flap made of elastic cartilage located at the entrance of the larynx, which closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

The oropharynx is a part of the pharynx located between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis, serving as a passageway for both air and food.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, contracting to increase the thoracic volume and draw air into the lungs.

The laryngopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx that directs food to the esophagus and air to the larynx.

The carina is the ridge of cartilage at the base of the trachea where it splits into the two main bronchi and is sensitive to irritation, triggering the cough reflex.