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Sarcoidosis Overview

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Diagnosis: Elevated Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

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ACE levels can be elevated in sarcoidosis patients due to increased ACE production by epithelioid cells of granulomas.

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Symptom: Dry Cough

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A persistent dry cough is a non-specific symptom of sarcoidosis due to lung involvement and can be distressing to patients.

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Diagnosis: Kveim Test

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An intradermal skin test where a sarcoid tissue extract is injected into the skin; a positive response is a granulomatous nodule forming at the site after a few weeks.

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Diagnosis: Advanced Imaging

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High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is often used to evaluate the extent and pattern of lung involvement in sarcoidosis.

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Treatment: Corticosteroids

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The primary treatment for sarcoidosis, used to reduce inflammation and granuloma formation.

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Symptom: Erythema nodosum

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A condition characterized by red, tender bumps, typically on the front of the legs, which can be associated with sarcoidosis.

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Symptom: Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy

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Enlargement of lymph nodes located at the lung hilum is a common finding on chest X-rays of sarcoidosis patients.

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Treatment: Immunosuppressants

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Medications like methotrexate and azathioprine are used as second-line treatments in sarcoidosis when corticosteroids are ineffective or cause severe side effects.

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Symptom: Lupus Pernio

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A chronic, violaceous, raised skin lesion, most commonly found on the face, particularly the nose, cheeks, lips, and ears.

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Diagnosis: Pulmonary Function Tests

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Tests such as spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity are used to assess lung function and the effect of sarcoidosis on respiratory health.

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