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Sarcoidosis Overview
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Diagnosis: Elevated Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)
ACE levels can be elevated in sarcoidosis patients due to increased ACE production by epithelioid cells of granulomas.
Symptom: Dry Cough
A persistent dry cough is a non-specific symptom of sarcoidosis due to lung involvement and can be distressing to patients.
Diagnosis: Kveim Test
An intradermal skin test where a sarcoid tissue extract is injected into the skin; a positive response is a granulomatous nodule forming at the site after a few weeks.
Diagnosis: Advanced Imaging
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is often used to evaluate the extent and pattern of lung involvement in sarcoidosis.
Treatment: Corticosteroids
The primary treatment for sarcoidosis, used to reduce inflammation and granuloma formation.
Symptom: Erythema nodosum
A condition characterized by red, tender bumps, typically on the front of the legs, which can be associated with sarcoidosis.
Symptom: Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes located at the lung hilum is a common finding on chest X-rays of sarcoidosis patients.
Treatment: Immunosuppressants
Medications like methotrexate and azathioprine are used as second-line treatments in sarcoidosis when corticosteroids are ineffective or cause severe side effects.
Symptom: Lupus Pernio
A chronic, violaceous, raised skin lesion, most commonly found on the face, particularly the nose, cheeks, lips, and ears.
Diagnosis: Pulmonary Function Tests
Tests such as spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity are used to assess lung function and the effect of sarcoidosis on respiratory health.
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