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Pulmonary Pathogen Profiles

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Hospital environment, through contaminated medical equipment Treatment approach: Antibiotics with pseudomonal coverage (e.g., ciprofloxacin)

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Legionella pneumophila

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Diseases caused: Legionnaires' disease, Pontiac fever Mode of transmission: Inhalation of contaminated water droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones)

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Haemophilus influenzae

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Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Acute bronchitis, Epiglottitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones)

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines, macrolides)

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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Diseases caused: Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia Mode of transmission: Direct contact, Contaminated surfaces Treatment approach: Supportive care, Antivirals in severe cases (e.g., ribavirin)

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Influenza virus

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Diseases caused: Influenza (Seasonal flu) Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antivirals (e.g., oseltamivir), Vaccination

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Diseases caused: Walking pneumonia, Tracheobronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones)

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SARS-CoV-2

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Diseases caused: COVID-19 Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact, Surfaces Treatment approach: Antivirals (e.g., remdesivir), Vaccination, Supportive care

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Coronavirus OC43

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Diseases caused: Common cold, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Supportive care, No specific antiviral therapy

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Sinusitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), Vaccination

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Aspergillus fumigatus

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Diseases caused: Aspergillosis Mode of transmission: Inhalation of spores from the environment Treatment approach: Antifungal medications (e.g., voriconazole)

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Cryptococcus neoformans

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Diseases caused: Cryptococcosis Mode of transmission: Inhalation of airborne fungal spores Treatment approach: Antifungal medications (e.g., amphotericin B, flucytosine)

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Coccidioides immitis

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Diseases caused: Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) Mode of transmission: Inhalation of spores in dust Treatment approach: Antifungal medications, many infections resolve without treatment

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Bordetella pertussis

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Diseases caused: Pertussis (Whooping cough) Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., macrolides), Vaccination

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Diseases caused: Tuberculosis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Combination of antibiotics over an extended period (e.g., rifampin, isoniazid)

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Adenovirus

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Diseases caused: Respiratory infections, Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact, Contaminated surfaces Treatment approach: Supportive care, Antiviral cidofovir in severe cases

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Person-to-person contact, Contaminated surfaces Treatment approach: Antibiotics, but often resistant (e.g., carbapenems)

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Rhinovirus

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Diseases caused: Common cold Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Supportive care, No specific antiviral therapy

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Varicella-zoster virus

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Diseases caused: Chickenpox, Pneumonia (in adults) Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antivirals (e.g., acyclovir), Vaccination

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Histoplasma capsulatum

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Diseases caused: Histoplasmosis Mode of transmission: Inhalation of spores from contaminated soil Treatment approach: Antifungal medications (e.g., itraconazole)

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