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Pulmonary Pathogen Profiles
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Hospital environment, through contaminated medical equipment Treatment approach: Antibiotics with pseudomonal coverage (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
Legionella pneumophila
Diseases caused: Legionnaires' disease, Pontiac fever Mode of transmission: Inhalation of contaminated water droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones)
Haemophilus influenzae
Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Acute bronchitis, Epiglottitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones)
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines, macrolides)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Diseases caused: Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia Mode of transmission: Direct contact, Contaminated surfaces Treatment approach: Supportive care, Antivirals in severe cases (e.g., ribavirin)
Influenza virus
Diseases caused: Influenza (Seasonal flu) Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antivirals (e.g., oseltamivir), Vaccination
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Diseases caused: Walking pneumonia, Tracheobronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones)
SARS-CoV-2
Diseases caused: COVID-19 Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact, Surfaces Treatment approach: Antivirals (e.g., remdesivir), Vaccination, Supportive care
Coronavirus OC43
Diseases caused: Common cold, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Supportive care, No specific antiviral therapy
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Sinusitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), Vaccination
Aspergillus fumigatus
Diseases caused: Aspergillosis Mode of transmission: Inhalation of spores from the environment Treatment approach: Antifungal medications (e.g., voriconazole)
Cryptococcus neoformans
Diseases caused: Cryptococcosis Mode of transmission: Inhalation of airborne fungal spores Treatment approach: Antifungal medications (e.g., amphotericin B, flucytosine)
Coccidioides immitis
Diseases caused: Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) Mode of transmission: Inhalation of spores in dust Treatment approach: Antifungal medications, many infections resolve without treatment
Bordetella pertussis
Diseases caused: Pertussis (Whooping cough) Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Antibiotics (e.g., macrolides), Vaccination
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Diseases caused: Tuberculosis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets Treatment approach: Combination of antibiotics over an extended period (e.g., rifampin, isoniazid)
Adenovirus
Diseases caused: Respiratory infections, Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact, Contaminated surfaces Treatment approach: Supportive care, Antiviral cidofovir in severe cases
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Diseases caused: Pneumonia, Bronchitis Mode of transmission: Person-to-person contact, Contaminated surfaces Treatment approach: Antibiotics, but often resistant (e.g., carbapenems)
Rhinovirus
Diseases caused: Common cold Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Supportive care, No specific antiviral therapy
Varicella-zoster virus
Diseases caused: Chickenpox, Pneumonia (in adults) Mode of transmission: Airborne droplets, Direct contact Treatment approach: Antivirals (e.g., acyclovir), Vaccination
Histoplasma capsulatum
Diseases caused: Histoplasmosis Mode of transmission: Inhalation of spores from contaminated soil Treatment approach: Antifungal medications (e.g., itraconazole)
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