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Mechanical Ventilation Parameters
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Flashcards
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Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
Pressure applied at the end of expiration to keep alveoli open, typically set between 5 to 15 cmH2O, depending on the patient's condition.
Plateau Pressure (Pplat)
Pressure applied by the ventilator during a brief pause at the end of inspiration, ideally kept below 30 cmH2O to limit alveolar overdistension.
Pressure Support (PS)
Additional pressure provided during spontaneous breathing to reduce work of breathing, typically starting at 5 cmH2O and adjusted based on patient's effort and comfort.
Tidal Volume (Vt)
Volume of air delivered to the lungs with each breath, typically set between 6-8 mL/kg of ideal body weight.
Inspiratory Flow Rate
Speed at which air is delivered during inspiration, often set between 60 to 100 liters per minute, depending on patient comfort and ventilatory demand.
Auto-PEEP
Unintended positive pressure that builds up in the chest at end-expiration due to incomplete lung emptying, should be avoided or minimized to prevent hemodynamic compromise.
Respiratory Rate (RR)
Number of breaths delivered per minute, usually adjusted to maintain adequate minute ventilation and CO2 levels, typical settings range from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
FiO2
Fraction of inspired oxygen, adjusted to maintain desired oxygenation, usually starts at 100% and reduced as tolerated, target SpO2 or PaO2 levels guide adjustments.
Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)
Highest level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation, typically kept below 35 cmH2O to prevent lung injury.
Inspiratory to Expiratory Ratio (I:E Ratio)
Ratio of inspiratory time to expiratory time, typical settings range from 1:2 to 1:3, adjusted based on disease pathology and patient comfort.
Minute Ventilation (Ve)
Total volume of air exchanged per minute, calculated by tidal volume multiplied by respiratory rate, typical values are 4 to 8 liters per minute.
Trigger Sensitivity
The effort a patient must make to initiate a breath from the ventilator, usually set to balance patient comfort with ventilatory support, with typical settings <2-3 cmH2O.
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