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Usage: Anxiolytic, muscle relaxant; Dosage: 2-10 mg IV; Effects in surgery: Provides sedation and amnesia, can also control seizures intraoperatively.

Usage: Rapid-sequence induction; Dosage: 1-1.5 mg/kg; Effects in surgery: Quick onset and short duration of muscle paralysis, potential hyperkalemia.

Usage: Opioid analgesic; Dosage: 0.015-0.06 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Strong analgesia, less nausea than morphine, can cause respiratory depression.

Usage: Muscle relaxation; Dosage: 0.06-0.1 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Long acting muscle relaxant, potential tachycardia and increased cardiac output.

Usage: Volatile anesthetic; Dosage: 0.5-1.5% inspired concentration; Effects in surgery: Muscle relaxation, decreases cerebral metabolic rate.

Usage: Non-selective alpha and beta agonist; Dosage: 5-25 mg IV; Effects in surgery: Increases both heart rate and blood pressure, used for intraoperative hypotension.

Usage: Anti-inflammatory, antiemetic; Dosage: 4-10 mg IV; Effects in surgery: Reduces edema and inflammation, prevents PONV.

Usage: Adjunctive analgesic; Dosage: 300-1200 mg orally; Effects in surgery: Reduces neuropathic pain, used to decrease opioid requirements postoperatively.

Usage: Opioid analgesic; Dosage: 1-2 micrograms/kg; Effects in surgery: Analgesia, bradycardia, and respiratory depression.

Usage: Dissociative anesthetic; Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Provides analgesia, sympathetic stimulation, preserves respiratory drive.

Usage: Induction agent; Dosage: 0.2-0.6 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Minimal cardiovascular effects, may cause adrenal suppression.

Usage: Muscle relaxation; Dosage: 0.6-1.2 mg/kg; Effects in surgery: Rapid onset of muscle paralysis, facilitates tracheal intubation.

Usage: Antiemetic, sedative; Dosage: 0.625-1.25 mg IV; Effects in surgery: Prevents nausea and vomiting, sedative effect, carries a risk of QT prolongation.

Usage: Inhalational anesthetic; Dosage: 0.5-3% inspired concentration; Effects in surgery: Maintains anesthesia, minimal cardiovascular effects.

Usage: Reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers; Dosage: 0.04-0.08 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Reverses muscle relaxation, may cause bradycardia, must be used with atropine or glycopyrrolate.

Usage: Opioid analgesic; Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg; Effects in surgery: Analgesia, can cause hypotension, histamine release.

Usage: Opioid antagonist; Dosage: 0.1-2 mg IV prn; Effects in surgery: Reverses opioid effects including respiratory depression, can cause pain if analgesia is reversed too quickly.

Usage: Inhalational anesthetic; Dosage: 0.5-2% inspired concentration; Effects in surgery: Reduces cardiac output, relaxes muscles, can cause hepatotoxicity.

Usage: Inhalational anesthetic; Dosage: 6-12% inspired concentration; Effects in surgery: Rapid induction and emergence, may cause airway irritation.

Usage: Muscle relaxation; Dosage: 0.1 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Neuromuscular blocker with no cardiovascular effects, Hofmann elimination.

Usage: Sedative and anxiolytic; Dosage: 0.2-0.7 micrograms/kg/hr infusion; Effects in surgery: Sedation without respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension may occur.

Usage: Antiemetic; Dosage: 4-8 mg IV; Effects in surgery: Prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), blocks serotonin receptors.

Usage: Sedative, analgesic adjunct; Dosage: 2-4 micrograms/kg orally or transdermal; Effects in surgery: Provides sedation and analgesic effects, may cause hypotension and bradycardia.

Usage: General anesthesia induction and maintenance; Dosage: 1.5-2.5 mg/kg for induction; Effects in surgery: Rapid onset and short duration of action.

Usage: Sedation and anxiolysis; Dosage: 0.02-0.1 mg/kg; Effects in surgery: Amnesia and sedation, has muscle relaxant properties.

Usage: Antiarrhythmic; Dosage: 6 mg IV rapid push, second dose 12 mg if needed; Effects in surgery: Can terminate supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), very short half-life.

Usage: Barbiturate for induction; Dosage: 3-5 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Rapid onset of action, good for induction, high lipid solubility also means longer duration in body.

Usage: Opioid analgesic; Dosage: 0.1-0.5 micrograms/kg/min infusion; Effects in surgery: Ultra-short-acting analgesic, rapid offset.

Usage: Muscle relaxation; Dosage: 0.08-0.1 mg/kg; Effects in surgery: Intermediate duration of action, hepatic metabolism.

Usage: Local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic; Dosage: 1-4.5 mg/kg; Effects in surgery: Local numbing, can treat ventricular arrhythmias perioperatively.

Usage: Anticholinergic; Dosage: 0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Increases heart rate, used for bradycardia or as premedication to reduce secretions.

Usage: Anticholinergic; Dosage: 0.004-0.01 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Reduces secretions, does not cross the blood-brain barrier so less sedation compared to atropine.

Usage: Treatment for methemoglobinemia; Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg IV; Effects in surgery: Reduces methemoglobin back to hemoglobin, used in cases of drug-induced or acquired methemoglobinemia.

Usage: Inhalational anesthetic; Dosage: 30-70% inspired concentration; Effects in surgery: Analgesic and anesthetic properties, avoid in bowel surgery due to expansion of gas spaces.

Usage: Local anesthetic; Dosage: 0.25-0.5% solution; Effects in surgery: Long-acting numbing, can be used for spinal or epidural block, risk of cardiotoxicity.

Usage: Vasopressor; Dosage: 40-100 micrograms IV bolus or 0.1-0.5 micrograms/kg/min infusion; Effects in surgery: Increases peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure, used for hypotension.