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Uses peracetic acid to oxidize and destroy microbial cell components. It is a low-temperature sterilization method for heat-sensitive items.

Dipping items into germicidal chemicals sufficient for sterilization. Mainly for items that cannot withstand heat sterilization.

Utilizes gamma rays to break down DNA of microorganisms. Often used for single-use medical supplies and pharmaceuticals.

A simple, yet less effective method where items are immersed in boiling water for a period, primarily used in less critical situations.

Procedure that uses steam under pressure to kill microorganisms. Commonly used to sterilize surgical instruments.

A chemical sterilization method that uses ethylene oxide gas to disrupt DNA of microorganisms. Used for heat-sensitive materials.

Involves short, intense pulses of broad-spectrum light to destroy microorganisms. Used for surface sterilization of packaging and equipment.

Exposure to UV light at specific wavelengths to disrupt DNA, often used for surface disinfection and air purification.

Uses a combination of chemicals in a pressurized chamber to sterilize equipment, similar to an autoclave but designed for chemical vapor.

Uses microwave radiation to heat water molecules, producing steam that sterilizes the item. Effective for some simple applications.

Although not a sterilization technique, it's used to remove fine particles from items prior to sterilization. It relies on high-frequency sound waves.

A high-level disinfectant that, when used in higher concentrations and longer exposure times, can act as a sterilant. Frequently used for delicate surgical instruments.

Sterilization achieved by using a high-energy electron beam that destroys microorganisms' DNA. Suitable for medical devices and labware.

A process that kills most microorganisms but may not eliminate all spores. It is not a full sterilization method but used for items that cannot withstand standard sterilization.

Plasma is generated from hydrogen peroxide to produce free radicals that kill microorganisms. Suitable for heat-sensitive and moisture-sensitive items.

A method where steam is introduced into a vacuum to reach sterilization temperatures quickly, for items that cannot withstand autoclave pressures.

Uses hot water or steam at lower temperatures than autoclaving, suitable for some heat- and moisture-stable items.

Passes liquids or gases through filters with pore sizes small enough to remove microorganisms. Typically used for heat-sensitive liquids.

Involves the use of liquid chemical sterilants at low temperatures for delicate instruments. It is a lengthy process that requires thorough rinsing.