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Gastrointestinal Surgery Overview

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Whipple Procedure

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A complex surgery to remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and sometimes part of the stomach; performed primarily for pancreatic cancer.

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Appendectomy

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Surgical removal of the appendix, usually performed due to appendicitis.

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Herniorrhaphy

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Surgical correction of a hernia, typically involving the reinforcement of the weak area with stitches or mesh.

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Bariatric Surgery

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Surgical procedures performed on the stomach or intestines to induce weight loss, commonly including gastric bypass or gastric banding.

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Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement

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Insertion of a catheter into the abdominal cavity for peritoneal dialysis, used in the treatment of severe chronic kidney disease or renal failure.

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Colectomy

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Surgical removal of a section of or the entire colon, performed in cases of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or diverticulitis.

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Cholecystectomy

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Surgical removal of the gallbladder, often due to gallstones or gallbladder disease.

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Pancreatectomy

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Surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas, often performed to treat pancreatic cancer or severe pancreatitis.

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Gastrectomy

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Surgical removal of a part or the whole stomach, usually performed to treat stomach cancer or severe ulcers.

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Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Also known as the Whipple Procedure, it involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder, and sometimes part of the stomach or bile duct.

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Liver Transplant

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Surgical procedure to replace a diseased liver with a healthy liver from a donor, typically due to chronic liver disease or liver failure.

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Pyloroplasty

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Surgical procedure to widen the opening of the lower part of the stomach (pylorus) to allow food to move more easily into the small intestine, usually performed in cases of pyloric stenosis.

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Colostomy

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Creation of an opening from the colon to the abdominal wall, allowing for the diversion of fecal matter into a bag; often a temporary or permanent result of colorectal surgery.

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Gastric Bypass

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A weight-loss surgery where the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a larger lower remnant and the small intestine is rearranged to connect to both; performed on morbidly obese patients.

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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

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A type of gastric bypass surgery where a small stomach pouch is connected directly to the small intestine after some of the intestine has been bypassed, commonly used for weight loss surgery in obese patients.

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Hemicolectomy

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Surgical removal of one side of the colon, either left or right, commonly done to treat colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease.

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Total Gastrectomy

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Complete surgical removal of the stomach, often performed to treat advanced stomach cancer or bleeding, non-healing stomach ulcers.

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Stoma Reversal

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Surgical closure of a stoma created during an ostomy procedure, typically performed when the conditions that required the original ostomy have been resolved.

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Splenectomy

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Surgical removal of the spleen, performed in cases of splenic rupture, cancer, or certain blood disorders.

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Fistulotomy

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Surgical procedure to open or lay open a fistula and allow it to heal, often used in cases of anal fistula.

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Laparotomy

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A surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity, usually to diagnose and treat abdominal problems.

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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A procedure combining endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat problems in the hepatic ducts, gallbladder and pancreas.

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Laparoscopic Surgery

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Minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a camera to guide instruments within the abdomen; commonly used for gallbladder removal, hernia repair, and appendectomy.

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Ileostomy

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Surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum to the abdominal wall, allowing for fecal diversion directly from the small intestine to an external pouch.

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Ostomy

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Surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside, typically a colostomy or ileostomy, used to treat digestive or urinary conditions that prevent normal elimination.

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Gastrostomy

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Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support, often involves placement of a feeding tube.

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Peptic Ulcer Disease Surgery

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Surgical intervention for peptic ulcers that do not respond to medication or have complications, such as bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.

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Fundoplication

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Surgical procedure to wrap the upper curve of the stomach (fundus) around the esophagus, used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when medication is not effective.

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Upper Endoscopy

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A diagnostic procedure using an endoscope to examine the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, used to diagnose conditions like ulcers, celiac disease, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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Inguinal Hernia Repair

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Surgical correction of an inguinal hernia, involving the strengthening of the abdominal wall and often using mesh for reinforcement.

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Small Bowel Resection

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Surgical removal of a part of the small intestine, usually due to conditions such as Crohn's disease, cancer, or obstruction.

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Abdominoperineal Resection

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Surgical removal of the sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus, often involving the creation of a permanent colostomy; most commonly used to treat rectal cancer.

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Tumor Ablation

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A minimally invasive procedure to destroy tumors, which may be performed using various techniques such as radiofrequency, microwaves, or cryoablation.

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Bowel Resection

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Surgical removal of a diseased portion of the bowel, which can include sections of the small or large intestine; often performed for Crohn's disease, cancer, or blockages.

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Therapeutic Endoscopy

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The use of endoscopic procedures for treatment purposes, including polyp removal, dilation of strictures, or stopping gastrointestinal bleeding.

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Vagotomy

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A surgical procedure where the vagus nerve is cut to reduce acid secretion in the stomach, a treatment option for peptic ulcer disease.

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Enteral Nutrition Access

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Surgical placement of a device to provide nutrition directly to the stomach or small intestine when oral intake is not adequate.

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Omentectomy

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Surgical removal of the omentum, a fold of the peritoneum extending from the stomach, which may be done in the case of ovarian cancer or other abdominal cancers.

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Pouch-Anal Anastomosis

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Surgical creation of a reservoir (pouch) from the end of the ileum and attaching it to the anus to restore bowel function after a colectomy.

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Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM)

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A minimally invasive surgical technique to remove rectal tumors using an endoscope inserted into the rectum.

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Rectal Resection

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Surgical removal of a portion of the rectum, most commonly performed for rectal cancer.

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Rectopexy

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Surgical procedure to correct rectal prolapse by securing the rectum in its proper position, usually with the help of mesh or sutures.

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Duodenal Switch

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A weight loss surgery that involves removing a large portion of the stomach and rerouting a portion of the small intestine, creating two separate pathways and one common channel.

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Intraoperative Endoscopy

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The use of endoscopy during surgery to locate lesions, control bleeding, or guide the surgical procedure.

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Adrenalectomy

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Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, performed in cases of adrenal tumors or overactivity of the adrenal gland.

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Esophagectomy

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Surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus, typically conducted to treat esophageal cancer or severe esophageal disease like Barrett's esophagus.

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Gastric Balloon

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A non-surgical procedure where a silicone balloon is placed in the stomach and filled with saline, intended to promote weight loss by limiting the amount of food intake.

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Gastrojejunostomy

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Surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum, often for bypassing a part of the stomach or a blockage in the small intestine.

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Sigmoidectomy

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Surgical removal of the sigmoid colon, usually due to cancer or diverticular disease.

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Lower Anterior Resection

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Surgical removal of the rectum, often performed to treat cases of rectal cancer where sphincter preservation is possible.

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Jejunostomy

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Creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum, often for the placement of a feeding tube.

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