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Types of Surgical Incisions
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McBurney's Incision
Oblique incision made in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, typically for appendectomy.
Mastectomy
An incision for removing all (total) or part (partial) of the breast tissue, commonly for breast cancer treatment.
Thoracotomy
An incision into the chest wall, used for lung, heart, or esophageal surgery.
Midline Incision
A vertical cut along the linea alba of the abdomen, often used for abdominal or retroperitoneal access in general surgery.
Craniotomy
An incision into the cranium to access the brain, used for treating brain tumors, hemorrhages, or skull fractures.
Subcostal Incision
Parallel to the costal margin, usually for gallbladder surgery or liver access.
Arthroscopy
Small incisions used for inserting an arthroscope into a joint for minimally invasive procedures.
Laminectomy
An incision made to remove a portion of a vertebral bone called the lamina, often to relieve spinal cord compression.
Pfannenstiel Incision
Also known as a C-section incision, made just above the pubic bone for access to the uterus and pelvic organs.
Appendectomy
An incision to remove the appendix, typically through a McBurney's or laparoscopic approach.
Cholecystectomy
An incision made for removing the gallbladder, usually done laparoscopically or through a right upper quadrant abdominal incision.
Chevron Incision
An inverted V-shaped incision below the ribs, used for kidney transplants or extensive liver surgery.
Pericardiotomy
An incision made into the pericardium to access or drain fluid from around the heart.
Colectomy
An incision for removing part or all of the colon, often due to cancer or inflammatory bowel disease.
Transverse Incision
Horizontal cut across the abdomen or other parts of the body, offers good cosmetic results and less post-operative pain.
Hemicorporectomy
A radical surgery that amputates the body below the waist, used in life-threatening conditions.
Fasciotomy
A cut made into the fascia to relieve tension or pressure, commonly used to treat compartment syndrome.
Parotidectomy
An incision made to remove part or all of the parotid gland, usually due to a tumor.
Thyroidectomy
An incision made on the neck to remove all or part of the thyroid gland, often due to nodules, cancer, or hyperthyroidism.
Paramedian Incision
A vertical incision made parallel and close to the midline, it allows for muscles to be retracted without cutting.
Lobectomy
An incision for removing a lobe of the lung or liver, often due to cancer or other diseases.
Gastrectomy
An incision for partial or total removal of the stomach, often due to cancer.
Lumbotomy
Made in the flank or lower back, it provides access to the kidney and retroperitoneal structures.
Bikini Cut
A horizontal incision just above the pubic hairline, commonly used for C-sections and hysterectomies.
Kocher Incision
An oblique incision in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen for biliary surgery, particularly cholecystectomies.
Sternotomy
A vertical incision along the sternum, allowing access to the heart and lungs for cardiothoracic surgeries.
Hemicolectomy
An incision to remove one side of the colon, typically due to cancer or severe bowel disease.
Laparotomy
An incision into the abdominal cavity; a common approach for many abdominal surgeries.
Phlebotomy
An incision into a vein for drawing blood or for intravenous therapy, not a 'surgical' incision but a common medical procedure.
Inguinal Incision
A cut made in the groin area, often for hernia repairs or accessing the femoral vessels.
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