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Types of Surgical Incisions

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McBurney's Incision

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Oblique incision made in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, typically for appendectomy.

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Mastectomy

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An incision for removing all (total) or part (partial) of the breast tissue, commonly for breast cancer treatment.

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Thoracotomy

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An incision into the chest wall, used for lung, heart, or esophageal surgery.

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Midline Incision

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A vertical cut along the linea alba of the abdomen, often used for abdominal or retroperitoneal access in general surgery.

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Craniotomy

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An incision into the cranium to access the brain, used for treating brain tumors, hemorrhages, or skull fractures.

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Subcostal Incision

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Parallel to the costal margin, usually for gallbladder surgery or liver access.

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Arthroscopy

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Small incisions used for inserting an arthroscope into a joint for minimally invasive procedures.

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Laminectomy

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An incision made to remove a portion of a vertebral bone called the lamina, often to relieve spinal cord compression.

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Pfannenstiel Incision

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Also known as a C-section incision, made just above the pubic bone for access to the uterus and pelvic organs.

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Appendectomy

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An incision to remove the appendix, typically through a McBurney's or laparoscopic approach.

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Cholecystectomy

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An incision made for removing the gallbladder, usually done laparoscopically or through a right upper quadrant abdominal incision.

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Chevron Incision

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An inverted V-shaped incision below the ribs, used for kidney transplants or extensive liver surgery.

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Pericardiotomy

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An incision made into the pericardium to access or drain fluid from around the heart.

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Colectomy

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An incision for removing part or all of the colon, often due to cancer or inflammatory bowel disease.

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Transverse Incision

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Horizontal cut across the abdomen or other parts of the body, offers good cosmetic results and less post-operative pain.

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Hemicorporectomy

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A radical surgery that amputates the body below the waist, used in life-threatening conditions.

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Fasciotomy

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A cut made into the fascia to relieve tension or pressure, commonly used to treat compartment syndrome.

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Parotidectomy

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An incision made to remove part or all of the parotid gland, usually due to a tumor.

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Thyroidectomy

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An incision made on the neck to remove all or part of the thyroid gland, often due to nodules, cancer, or hyperthyroidism.

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Paramedian Incision

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A vertical incision made parallel and close to the midline, it allows for muscles to be retracted without cutting.

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Lobectomy

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An incision for removing a lobe of the lung or liver, often due to cancer or other diseases.

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Gastrectomy

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An incision for partial or total removal of the stomach, often due to cancer.

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Lumbotomy

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Made in the flank or lower back, it provides access to the kidney and retroperitoneal structures.

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Bikini Cut

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A horizontal incision just above the pubic hairline, commonly used for C-sections and hysterectomies.

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Kocher Incision

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An oblique incision in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen for biliary surgery, particularly cholecystectomies.

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Sternotomy

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A vertical incision along the sternum, allowing access to the heart and lungs for cardiothoracic surgeries.

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Hemicolectomy

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An incision to remove one side of the colon, typically due to cancer or severe bowel disease.

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Laparotomy

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An incision into the abdominal cavity; a common approach for many abdominal surgeries.

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Phlebotomy

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An incision into a vein for drawing blood or for intravenous therapy, not a 'surgical' incision but a common medical procedure.

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Inguinal Incision

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A cut made in the groin area, often for hernia repairs or accessing the femoral vessels.

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