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A procedure involving the use of an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body; may also be used to perform biopsies or resections.

Surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland to treat prostate cancer.

The surgical removal of the gallbladder, sometimes indicated for gallbladder cancer or to prevent cancer in the case of chronic inflammation or gallstones.

Use of high-frequency electrical currents to cut tissue, coagulate blood vessels, or destroy abnormal cells.

A surgical incision into the chest wall to gain access to the thoracic organs, such as the lungs or esophagus, often for the purpose of cancer removal.

Surgical removal of a tumor and surrounding tissue to treat cancer.

A minimally invasive procedure that uses electrical energy and heat to destroy cancer cells.

Surgical removal of all or part of the bladder to treat bladder cancer, sometimes requiring creation of a new way for urine to exit the body.

In the context of cancer, radical surgery refers to the extensive removal of a tumor, its origin site, and some of the surrounding healthy tissue.

A detailed procedure involving the removal of cancerous tissue in thin layers, each of which is examined under a microscope immediately to determine the presence of cancer cells.

The creation of an artificial opening into the stomach for nutritional support; it may be necessary if a tumor prevents normal swallowing.

A procedure that involves removal of as much of the tumor mass as possible to reduce its volume and improve the effectiveness of other therapies.

A medical procedure that creates an opening through the neck and into the trachea to provide an air passage to help an individual breathe when the route through the nose and mouth is obstructed by a tumor.

A surgical operation that involves the removal of a lung, usually to treat lung cancer.

Surgical removal of a kidney, performed to treat kidney cancer.

A surgical procedure creating an opening (stoma) from an area inside the body to the outside, typically to remove waste when cancer affects the digestive or urinary systems.

Surgical removal of a lesion or organ affected by cancer along with some of the healthy tissue around it.

In cancer surgery, the margin refers to the edge of the tissue removed; a 'clear margin' means no cancer cells are found at the outer edge of the removed tissue, which is desirable.

A medical procedure to replace bone marrow that has been damaged by disease, chemotherapy, or radiation; used in the treatment of leukemia and multiple myeloma.

Surgery that is performed in order to relieve symptoms or to improve quality of life rather than to cure cancer.

A complex operation to remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder, and sometimes a portion of the stomach to treat pancreatic cancer.

A surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from the body for analysis in a laboratory to determine the presence of cancer cells.

Surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely. Often performed to treat breast cancer.

Surgical technique that removes the tumor and a continuous piece of surrounding tissue in one piece, used to ensure no cancer cells are left at the margins.

Surgery performed to restore function or appearance after major cancer surgeries such as mastectomy or head and neck surgery.

A surgical procedure that removes one or more groups of lymph nodes to determine if cancer has spread.

Surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus to treat esophageal cancer.

Surgical removal of the spleen, which may be necessary in cases where the spleen is involved with cancers such as lymphomas.

The process of destroying tissue, such as tumors, with various methods including heat, cold, or chemicals during surgery.

A non-invasive robotic radiosurgery system used to treat tumors throughout the body that offers high precision in targeting tumor tissue.

Treatment given before the main treatment, often chemotherapy or radiation, to shrink a tumor before surgical removal.

Surgical removal of part or all of the liver, often performed to treat cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastases.

A form of surgery that uses precise three-dimensional coordinates to locate and treat tissues such as tumors with high specificity.

A technique that uses a high-energy light beam to cut, burn, or destroy tissue, often used in precise cancer removal.

A procedure that uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue, including cancer cells.

A surgical diagnostic procedure used to examine the organs inside the abdomen with minimal invasive techniques; can also be used for removal of tumors or biopsies.

In surgery, the term dissection usually refers to the process of systematically separating and removing tissue layers, often for the exposure and removal of tumors.

A precise surgical technique where thin layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains.

Surgery performed after other treatment modalities fail to eliminate a cancer or it recurs; often more extensive.

A surgical procedure in which a part of an organ, typically the lung or liver, affected by cancer is removed.

A breast-conserving surgery that involves removing only the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue while keeping the rest of the breast intact.

A surgical technique used to determine if cancer has spread beyond the primary tumor into the lymphatic system.

Surgical removal of the uterus, and sometimes including the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, primarily to treat cancers such as uterine or ovarian cancer.