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The process of informing a patient about the purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and voluntary nature of research before they agree to participate.

The ethical requirement for surgeons to be properly trained, experienced, and skilled to perform the procedures they offer.

The ethical duty to preserve the privacy of the patient by keeping information about them confidential, barring any significant need to disclose.

The ability of healthcare providers to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and language needs brought by the patient to the healthcare encounter.

The ethical challenge of distributing limited healthcare resources, such as donor organs or ICU beds, in a fair and just way.

A process that includes identifying the ethical problem, considering the options, consulting others, and making a decision based on ethical principles.

The principle that entails not intentionally creating harm or injury to the patient, either through acts of commission or omission.

The right of patients to keep personal health information safe from unauthorized disclosure.

The concept that some treatments have no reasonable chance of benefiting the patient and, ethically, may not be initiated or continued.

Allowing a designated individual to make healthcare decisions on behalf of a patient who lacks decision-making capacity.

The ethical obligation to inform a patient about a mistake that has occurred in their care which may have caused harm or has the potential for harm.

The process by which a patient learns about and understands the purpose, benefits, and potential risks of a medical or surgical procedure and then agrees to receive the treatment.

Respecting a patient's personal liberty and rights to make decisions about their own healthcare, based on their own values and concerns.

The ethical principle that deals with fairness in the distribution of benefits and burdens in society, ensuring that patients are treated equitably.

The ethical understanding that a healthcare provider must maintain a professional relationship with their patient and not engage in personal, financial, sexual, or other inappropriate interactions.

Ethical considerations surrounding the choices about care that should be provided to patients who are dying or permanently unconscious.

A healthcare provider's duty to act in the patient's best interest, aiming to do good and prevent or remove harms.

The ethical considerations in the acquisition and distribution of organs for transplantation including consent, allocation, and commercialization.

The ethical principle that surgeons and healthcare institutions should openly share data about surgical results and complication rates to patients.

The ethical consideration that patients should receive consistent and adequate follow-up care after surgical procedures to ensure the best outcomes and manage potential complications.

The ethical requirement to manage complications effectively, which includes prompt recognition, appropriate intervention, and transparent communication with the patient and family.

The use of innovative surgical techniques or procedures that are not yet proven or widely accepted in the interest of advancing medical knowledge or creating potential patient benefits.

Situations in which a person's personal or financial interests might interfere with their professional obligations or the best interests of their patients.

The ethical commitment to ensure that patients are fully informed and comprehend the details about their medical condition, treatment options, and the associated risks and benefits.