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Confucianism sees humans as fundamentally good and capable of improvement, Legalism views humans as inherently selfish and short-sighted.

Confucianism advocates for a wise, virtuous ruler to lead by example, whereas Legalism emphasizes the need for a powerful, autocratic ruler to enforce laws.

Confucianism prioritizes ritual and moral education to maintain order, Legalism depends on strict laws and harsh punishments to deter wrongdoing.

Confucianism values education and the cultivation of virtues, while Legalism is skeptical of intellectualism and believes it can undermine authority.

Confucianism emphasizes a hierarchical social structure based on respect and filial piety, whereas Legalism enforces a hierarchy where the ruler's authority is absolute.

Confucianism advocates for governance by ethical, learned individuals, while Legalism promotes rule by a centralized, impersonal government.

Confucianism is concerned with virtue ethics, including sincerity and benevolence, while Legalism discounts moral virtues in favor of explicit legal codes.

Confucianism involves ancestral worship and the importance of family lineage, Legalism does not address these topics.

Confucianism supports a merit-based bureaucratic system, whereas Legalism is more concerned with enforcing compliance, regardless of merit.

Confucianism seeks to transform society through moral example and teaching, Legalism aims to transform society through stringent administration and laws.

Confucianism allows for ethical judgment and flexibility, while Legalism is characterized by rigid application of laws.

Confucianism focuses on moral incentives to cultivate virtue, while Legalism relies on tangible rewards and punishments to ensure compliance.

Confucianism places great emphasis on the role of tradition and past wisdom, whereas Legalism concentrates on current laws and statecraft without regard for historical customs.