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The father of existentialism, emphasized the importance of personal choice and commitment, and believed in a subjective truth that is rooted in faith.

Proclaimed 'God is dead' to highlight the decline of Christianity's influence and the rise of secularization, emphasizing the need for a reevaluation of all values.

An atheist existentialist who believed that humans are condemned to be free and bear the weight of defining themselves in a godless universe.

Focused on the Absurd—humanity's quest for meaning in a meaninglessness universe—and considered the leap of faith a philosophical suicide.

Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, which focuses on the relationship with the Other and with God as an 'eternal Thou'.

Argued that God is not a being but the ground of being itself and that faith is 'ultimate concern' in the face of existential doubt.

Explored how existentialism views freedom and responsibility, looking at ethical implications of our actions in a godless world.

Christian existentialist who focused on themes of hope, fidelity, and the human person as a mystery, rejecting the scientific view of humans as objects.

Although not formally a philosopher, his literature explored existential themes such as free will, suffering, and the search for faith.

Russian existentialist who critiqued rationalism and scientism, emphasizing the need for a personal, passionate approach to faith.

Developed the concept of 'philosophical faith', which stands in contrast to dogmatic religion and emphasizes existential communication.

His work delves into the human struggle for faith and immortality, especially in his concept of the tragic sense of life.

Philosophically analyzed the concept of 'Being' and its relationship with anxiety, finitude, and authenticity without direct reference to religious belief.

Ethical philosophy centered on the other, and the face-to-face relationship as a primary site of the divine, challenging traditional notions of self and autonomy.

Theologian known for demythologizing the New Testament, trying to interpret Christian faith in terms that could be understood in a modern existential way.

Argued for a 'religionless Christianity', focusing on the concept of a living Christ and the lived experience of faith in the world.

Illustrates the individual who has placed complete trust in himself and in God facing the absurd, which Kierkegaard exemplified with the biblical story of Abraham.

Introduced many French readers to existentialism while focusing on the diversity of existential thought and its resistance to systematic philosophy.

His hermeneutics applied existential philosophy to religious texts, emphasizing the role of interpretation in understanding human existence.