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World Religions and Their Founders

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Islam

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Founded by Prophet Muhammad; key philosophical ideas include the Five Pillars of Islam, monotheism (Tawhid), and the Qur'an as the final revelation of God.

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Shinto

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No single founder; key philosophical ideas include the worship of kami (spirits), the importance of ritual purity, and a close connection with nature.

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Hinduism

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No single founder; key philosophical ideas include Dharma (duty/ethics), Karma (action and subsequent reaction), Moksha (liberation), and the cycle of rebirth (samsara).

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Christianity

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Founded by Jesus Christ; key philosophical ideas include the belief in one God, the Holy Trinity, and salvation through faith in Jesus as the savior.

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Taoism (Daoism)

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Traditionally attributed to Laozi; key philosophical ideas include living in harmony with the Tao (the way or path), the concept of wu-wei (effortless action), and the balance of yin and yang.

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Sikhism

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Founded by Guru Nanak; key philosophical ideas include the belief in one God, the importance of doing good actions rather than merely carrying out rituals, and the concept of Waheguru (the Supreme Being).

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Zoroastrianism

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Founded by Zoroaster (Zarathustra); key philosophical ideas include the duality of good and evil, with Ahura Mazda as the supreme being of goodness and the eternal battle against Angra Mainyu, the spirit of evil.

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Buddhism

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Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha); key philosophical ideas include the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to achieve enlightenment and escape the cycle of rebirth (samsara).

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Confucianism

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Founded by Confucius (Kong Fuzi); key philosophical ideas include the importance of ethics, filial piety, and the role of benevolent and moral leaders.

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Judaism

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No single founder; key philosophical ideas include monotheism, the covenant between God and the Hebrew people, and living a life in accordance with the laws set out in the Torah.

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