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World Religions and Their Founders
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Islam
Founded by Prophet Muhammad; key philosophical ideas include the Five Pillars of Islam, monotheism (Tawhid), and the Qur'an as the final revelation of God.
Shinto
No single founder; key philosophical ideas include the worship of kami (spirits), the importance of ritual purity, and a close connection with nature.
Hinduism
No single founder; key philosophical ideas include Dharma (duty/ethics), Karma (action and subsequent reaction), Moksha (liberation), and the cycle of rebirth (samsara).
Christianity
Founded by Jesus Christ; key philosophical ideas include the belief in one God, the Holy Trinity, and salvation through faith in Jesus as the savior.
Taoism (Daoism)
Traditionally attributed to Laozi; key philosophical ideas include living in harmony with the Tao (the way or path), the concept of wu-wei (effortless action), and the balance of yin and yang.
Sikhism
Founded by Guru Nanak; key philosophical ideas include the belief in one God, the importance of doing good actions rather than merely carrying out rituals, and the concept of Waheguru (the Supreme Being).
Zoroastrianism
Founded by Zoroaster (Zarathustra); key philosophical ideas include the duality of good and evil, with Ahura Mazda as the supreme being of goodness and the eternal battle against Angra Mainyu, the spirit of evil.
Buddhism
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha); key philosophical ideas include the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to achieve enlightenment and escape the cycle of rebirth (samsara).
Confucianism
Founded by Confucius (Kong Fuzi); key philosophical ideas include the importance of ethics, filial piety, and the role of benevolent and moral leaders.
Judaism
No single founder; key philosophical ideas include monotheism, the covenant between God and the Hebrew people, and living a life in accordance with the laws set out in the Torah.
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