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Concepts of Freedom

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Positive Freedom

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The freedom to control and direct one's own life. Positive freedom allows a person to consciously make their own choices. Theorist: Isaiah Berlin.

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Negative Freedom

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The freedom from external restraint or coercion. It emphasizes the absence of barriers to perform actions. Theorist: Isaiah Berlin.

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Republican Freedom

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Concept of freedom as non-domination, without being subject to the arbitrary will of another. Theorist: Philip Pettit.

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Freedom of Expression

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The right to express one's ideas and opinions freely through speech, writing, and other forms of communication. Theorist: John Stuart Mill.

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Economic Freedom

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The freedom to choose how to produce, sell, and use one's own resources, while respecting others' rights of the same. Theorist: Milton Friedman.

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Existentialist Freedom

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The idea that individuals are free and therefore responsible for their actions, which is central to existentialism. Theorist: Jean-Paul Sartre.

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Freedom of Association

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The right to join with others to pursue a common interest or to unite in groups, such as unions. Theorist: Alexis de Tocqueville.

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Religious Freedom

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The right to practice and change one's religion according to one's beliefs without coercion. Theorist: John Locke.

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Moral Freedom

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The capacity to make moral judgments and abide by the laws of ethics, based on personal beliefs and principles. Theorist: Immanuel Kant.

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Cognitive Freedom

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The liberty to think autonomously, without outside control over one's thoughts, knowledge, and expression. Theorist: Noam Chomsky.

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Sexual Freedom

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The ability to make autonomous choices about one's own sexual life and preferences, free from coercion. Theorist: Michel Foucault.

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Democratic Freedom

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The right to participate in democratic processes and institutions, influencing the governance of one's society. Theorist: Robert A. Dahl.

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Freedom of Movement

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The right to travel and live in any part of the state one belongs to, and to leave and return at will. Theorist: Hannah Arendt.

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Academic Freedom

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The liberty of scholars to pursue knowledge in their field of expertise without undue restriction. Theorist: John Dewey.

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Structural Freedom

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A framework within which individual freedoms are possible, determined by social and economic structures. Theorist: G. A. Cohen.

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Personal Freedom

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An individual's ability to pursue life activities without excessive external restrictions or control. Theorist: John Locke.

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Freedom of the Press

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The right of journalists and media outlets to distribute information and opinion without censorship or restraint. Theorist: Thomas Jefferson.

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Sovereign Freedom

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The concept that a sovereign state has the full right to govern itself without external interference. Theorist: Jean Bodin.

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Intellectual Freedom

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The right to freedom of thought and to hold opinions without interference from the government or public institutions. Theorist: John Milton.

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Psychedelic Freedom

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The argument for the right to use psychedelic substances as a means of exploring one's consciousness. Theorist: Aldous Huxley.

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