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Philosophical Theories of Welfare
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Utilitarianism
A theory in welfare that seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number
Rawls' Theory of Justice
Welfare principle based on fair distribution of goods, aka 'Justice as Fairness'
Capability Approach
Focuses on enhancing individual capabilities and freedoms
Contractarianism
Views welfare as stemming from implicit social contracts
Egalitarianism
The principle that all people deserve equal rights and opportunities
Communitarianism
Welfare theory that emphasizes the importance of community in the individual's life
Libertarianism
Prioritizes individual liberty as key to welfare, with minimal state intervention
Welfare Economics
Branch of economics dealing with normative analysis of economic policies
Marxist Theory of Welfare
Views welfare in the context of class struggle and the distribution of economic power
Feminist Theories of Welfare
Examine welfare through the lens of gender, advocating for women's rights and equality
Environmental Justice
A principle that promotes fair treatment of all people regardless of race or income with respect to environmental policy.
Social Choice Theory
A framework for understanding collective decision-making and welfare.
Hedonism
Claims that pleasure is the sole or chief good in life, and hence the basis of welfare
Desert-Based Theories
The notion that people should receive welfare based on what they deserve
Welfare State
A government system that provides social insurance and assistance to its citizens
Basic Income
The concept of providing all citizens with a certain sum of money unconditionally
Needs-Based Theories
Welfare concepts that prioritize the satisfaction of basic human needs
Preferences Satisfaction
Welfare notion that equates individual welfare with the satisfaction of preferences or desires
Subjective Well-Being
Approach to welfare that focuses on individuals' self-reported levels of happiness and life satisfaction
Pluralistic Theories of Welfare
Acknowledge multiple, potentially conflicting, aspects of well-being
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