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Philosophical Theories of Welfare

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Rawls' Theory of Justice

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Welfare principle based on fair distribution of goods, aka 'Justice as Fairness'

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Marxist Theory of Welfare

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Views welfare in the context of class struggle and the distribution of economic power

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Hedonism

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Claims that pleasure is the sole or chief good in life, and hence the basis of welfare

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Desert-Based Theories

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The notion that people should receive welfare based on what they deserve

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Subjective Well-Being

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Approach to welfare that focuses on individuals' self-reported levels of happiness and life satisfaction

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Capability Approach

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Focuses on enhancing individual capabilities and freedoms

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Welfare Economics

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Branch of economics dealing with normative analysis of economic policies

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Utilitarianism

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A theory in welfare that seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number

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Communitarianism

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Welfare theory that emphasizes the importance of community in the individual's life

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Welfare State

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A government system that provides social insurance and assistance to its citizens

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Contractarianism

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Views welfare as stemming from implicit social contracts

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Environmental Justice

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A principle that promotes fair treatment of all people regardless of race or income with respect to environmental policy.

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Libertarianism

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Prioritizes individual liberty as key to welfare, with minimal state intervention

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Social Choice Theory

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A framework for understanding collective decision-making and welfare.

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Preferences Satisfaction

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Welfare notion that equates individual welfare with the satisfaction of preferences or desires

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Feminist Theories of Welfare

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Examine welfare through the lens of gender, advocating for women's rights and equality

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Needs-Based Theories

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Welfare concepts that prioritize the satisfaction of basic human needs

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Pluralistic Theories of Welfare

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Acknowledge multiple, potentially conflicting, aspects of well-being

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Egalitarianism

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The principle that all people deserve equal rights and opportunities

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Basic Income

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The concept of providing all citizens with a certain sum of money unconditionally

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