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Philosophical Theories of Welfare
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Rawls' Theory of Justice
Welfare principle based on fair distribution of goods, aka 'Justice as Fairness'
Marxist Theory of Welfare
Views welfare in the context of class struggle and the distribution of economic power
Hedonism
Claims that pleasure is the sole or chief good in life, and hence the basis of welfare
Desert-Based Theories
The notion that people should receive welfare based on what they deserve
Subjective Well-Being
Approach to welfare that focuses on individuals' self-reported levels of happiness and life satisfaction
Capability Approach
Focuses on enhancing individual capabilities and freedoms
Welfare Economics
Branch of economics dealing with normative analysis of economic policies
Utilitarianism
A theory in welfare that seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number
Communitarianism
Welfare theory that emphasizes the importance of community in the individual's life
Welfare State
A government system that provides social insurance and assistance to its citizens
Contractarianism
Views welfare as stemming from implicit social contracts
Environmental Justice
A principle that promotes fair treatment of all people regardless of race or income with respect to environmental policy.
Libertarianism
Prioritizes individual liberty as key to welfare, with minimal state intervention
Social Choice Theory
A framework for understanding collective decision-making and welfare.
Preferences Satisfaction
Welfare notion that equates individual welfare with the satisfaction of preferences or desires
Feminist Theories of Welfare
Examine welfare through the lens of gender, advocating for women's rights and equality
Needs-Based Theories
Welfare concepts that prioritize the satisfaction of basic human needs
Pluralistic Theories of Welfare
Acknowledge multiple, potentially conflicting, aspects of well-being
Egalitarianism
The principle that all people deserve equal rights and opportunities
Basic Income
The concept of providing all citizens with a certain sum of money unconditionally
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