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Environmental Ethics and Society
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Stewardship
Stewardship is the ethical principle that humans are responsible for taking care of the environment. It implies social responsibilities like managing natural resources wisely and taking actions to benefit the overall health of the planet.
Land Ethic
The Land Ethic extends the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals. It reshapes societal values to reflect an ecological understanding that humans are part of the land community.
The Polluter Pays Principle
The Polluter Pays Principle is the idea that those who produce pollution should bear the costs of managing it to prevent damage to human health or the environment. Social implications include incentivizing companies and individuals to reduce their environmental impact.
Intergenerational Equity
Intergenerational Equity is the fairness principle considering the rights and opportunities of future generations. It leads to social obligations such as sustainable resource management and the avoidance of environmental debt.
Biocentrism
Biocentrism asserts that all living things have inherent value and moral rights. It has social implications for environmental law and policy, promoting the preservation of life forms and biodiversity.
Environmental Aesthetics
Environmental Aesthetics concerns the appreciation of the beauty and artistic value of natural environments. Recognizing the aesthetic value of nature can have social implications like promoting the preservation of scenic landscapes and natural wonders.
Environmental Virtue Ethics
Environmental Virtue Ethics suggests that a virtuous character will lead to environmental stewardship. This principle implies that developing good moral habits will promote positive environmental and social outcomes.
Deep Ecology
Deep Ecology is a philosophy which regards human life as just one of many equal components of a global ecosystem. Socially, it implies radical changes to live sustainably and harmoniously within the environment.
Environmental Pragmatism
Environmental Pragmatism suggests that rather than adhering to any one ethical system, practical solutions should be sought that address immediate environmental issues. Socially, this involves compromise and collaboration among different ethical beliefs for actionable outcomes.
Restorative Justice
Restorative Justice in the environmental context is about restoring damaged environments and addressing the harm caused by environmental degradation. This principle can lead to social actions such as clean-up efforts and the rehabilitation of ecosystems.
Sustainability
Sustainability involves meeting current human needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social implications include promoting renewable resources and sustainable development practices.
Anthropocentrism
Anthropocentrism is the principle that humans hold a greater moral significance compared to other beings or aspects of the environment. Social implications include the potential for environmental exploitation and the prioritization of human needs over ecological concerns.
Climate Justice
Climate Justice is a principle focused on the fair treatment of all people and the right for all to be protected from the negative impacts of climate change. Social implications include policies that mitigate the effects of climate change on marginalized and vulnerable populations.
Resilience
Resilience in environmental ethics refers to the capacity of ecosystems to absorb disturbances without shifting to an alternative state and losing function or services. Social implications include designing systems and communities that can adapt to environmental changes and calamities.
The Precautionary Principle
The Precautionary Principle states that when an activity raises threats of harm to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established. This approach influences policy-making and environmental regulation.
Intrinsic Value of Nature
The Intrinsic Value of Nature principle advocates that nature has worth in and of itself, independently of its utility to humans. This belief influences social behaviors and policies that respect the natural world and protect it from exploitation.
Environmental Justice
Environmental Justice is the movement to ensure that all people have the right to a clean and healthy environment, with the burden of environmental problems shared equally. It often involves addressing social disparities in the distribution of environmental hazards.
Ecocentrism
Ecocentrism holds that nature deserves moral consideration for its own sake, without reference to its utility for human purposes. Socially, it advocates for policies that protect the integrity of ecosystems even at the cost of economic or human convenience.
Rights of Nature
The Rights of Nature is a legal and ethical principle granting legal personhood to natural entities. It has sweeping social implications, as it can lead to environmental preservation actions and can transform legal systems to recognize the rights of ecosystems.
Conservation Ethics
Conservation Ethics is a set of guidelines that promotes the protection of biodiversity, ecosystems, and the natural environment. This influences social and political decisions regarding land use, species protection, and resource management.
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