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Theories of Power and Authority
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Legitimate Power
Authority that is recognized and accepted by society as legally and morally correct.
Coercive Power
Power that is exerted through force or the threat of force.
Expert Power
Power derived from possessing knowledge or expertise in a particular area.
Referent Power
Power coming from a person's perceived attractiveness, worthiness, and right to others' respect.
Reward Power
Power that arises from the ability to reward.
Informational Power
Power derived from controlling access to information.
Soft Power
The ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce.
Hard Power
The use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies.
Traditional Authority
Power legitimized by respect for long-established cultural patterns.
Charismatic Authority
Power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience.
Legal-Rational Authority
Authority based on legal, impersonal rules; the rules rule.
Influence
The capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something.
Power Elite
A small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a society.
Structural Power
Power that organizes and orchestrates the systematic interaction within and among societies.
Disciplinary Power
A form of power proposed by Michel Foucault that is exemplified by the societal institutions that regulate behavior.
Bio-power
A form of power that regulates the population through technologies of security that use statistical estimates to manage the demographics.
Hegemony
Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
Networked Power
Power that is distributed across a network rather than being centralized.
Counterpower
The capacity of a multitude of organizations and entities to challenge and potentially undermine power.
Patriarchal Power
Power that ensures male dominance over females in social or economic systems.
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