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Neurotransmitters in Cognition
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Plays a vital role in the regulation of emotions and pain, as well as cognitive and neuroendocrine functions.
Substance P
Considered both a neurotransmitter and a hormone; plays a role in mood regulation, emotional bonding, and appetite.
Oxytocin
Contributes to mood regulation, pain perception, and the stress response.
Dynorphins
A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and neural processing.
Glutamate
Involved in reward, motivation, and addiction; plays a key role in attention and executive functions.
Dopamine
Helps to regulate pain, but in the form of peptides called enkephalins.
Enkephalins
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain; facilitates calmness and relaxation.
GABA
Neurotransmitter that modulates sleep, arousal, appetite, and mood.
Melatonin
Implicated in pain perception, natural analgesia, and reward mechanisms.
Endorphins
Modulates the immune response and affects learning and memory processes.
Histamine
Neurotransmitter that can have neuroprotective properties and is linked to appetite regulation.
Ghrelin
Key in the 'fight or flight' response and plays a role in the intellectual assessment of potential threats.
Norepinephrine
Involved in muscle movement and cognitive processes related to learning and memory.
Acetylcholine
Important for regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. Also involved in cognition, reward, learning, and memory.
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood and stress responses and also in the formation of new memories.
Epinephrine
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