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Antiviral Drugs for HIV

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Atazanavir

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Class: Protease Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, which plays a role in the cleavage of viral polyproteins.

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Saquinavir

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Class: Protease Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Inhibits protease enzyme, preventing cleavage of viral polypeptides, leading to immature non-infectious viral particles.

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Tenofovir disoproxil

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Class: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Mimics nucleotides, causing chain termination once incorporated into viral DNA by reverse transcriptase.

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Tipranavir

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Class: Protease Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Non-peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitor, binding to the active site of the enzyme.

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Efavirenz

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Class: Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Binds to reverse transcriptase and directly inhibits the enzyme without requiring incorporation into viral DNA.

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Enfuvirtide

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Class: Fusion Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Prevents HIV from fusing with the host cell membrane, blocking entry into the cell.

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Nevirapine

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Class: Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Directly inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by binding to the enzyme and inducing a conformational change.

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Emtricitabine

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Class: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Competitively inhibits reverse transcriptase and causes chain termination after incorporation into viral DNA.

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Raltegravir

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Class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HIV integrase, preventing integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome.

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Abacavir

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Class: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA, resulting in chain termination.

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Zidovudine (AZT)

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Class: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reverse transcriptase by incorporating into the viral DNA and causing chain termination.

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Lopinavir + Ritonavir

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Class: Protease Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral maturation and assembly.

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Darunavir

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Class: Protease Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HIV-1 protease, which is required for the proteolytic cleavage of the viral polyproteins.

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Lamivudine

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Class: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reverse transcriptase via DNA chain termination after incorporation into DNA.

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Dolutegravir

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Class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the HIV integrase enzyme, blocking integration of viral DNA into the human genome.

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Fosamprenavir

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Class: Protease Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Prodrug that is converted to amprenavir, a protease inhibitor, preventing viral replication and assembly.

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Didanosine

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Class: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by terminating the viral DNA chain after it has been incorporated.

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Cabotegravir

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Class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HIV integrase, preventing the viral DNA from integrating into the host cell genome.

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Bictegravir

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Class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) Mechanism of Action: Binds to the active site of HIV integrase, inhibiting the strand transfer step required for viral DNA integration.

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Maraviroc

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Class: CCR5 Antagonists Mechanism of Action: Blocks CCR5 co-receptor on T cells, preventing viral entry.

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