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Medications for GERD & Peptic Ulcer Disease

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Esomeprazole

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Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: S-isomer of omeprazole that irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells, decreasing stomach acid production.

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Misoprostol

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Drug Class: Prostaglandin Analog Mechanism: Mimics the action of prostaglandins to protect the gastric mucosa by increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion, and decreasing acid production.

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Aluminum Hydroxide

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Drug Class: Antacid Mechanism: Neutralizes gastric acid resulting in increased gastric pH, which in turn inhibits pepsinogen to pepsin conversion.

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Sucralfate

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Drug Class: Mucosal Protectant Mechanism: Forms a viscous paste-like substance which adheres to ulcer sites, protecting them from acid and pepsin to aid healing.

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Pantoprazole

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Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Inhibits the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to the proton pump on parietal cells.

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Famotidine

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Drug Class: Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Mechanism: Inhibits stomach acid production by blocking H2 receptors on the gastric parietal cells.

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Rabeprazole

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Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Inhibits the gastric proton pump to reduce acid secretion in the stomach.

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Lansoprazole

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Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Irreversibly binds to the gastric proton pump, inhibiting acid secretion by gastric parietal cells.

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Metoclopramide

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Drug Class: Prokinetic Agent Mechanism: Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist which enhances gastric motility and accelerates gastric emptying.

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Dexlansoprazole

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Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion. It's an enantiomer with a dual delayed-release formulation.

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Bismuth Subsalicylate

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Drug Class: Antidiarrheal; Mucosal Protective Agent Mechanism: Coats ulcers and erosions, creating a protective layer against acid and pepsin. Also has antimicrobial properties against H. pylori.

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Cimetidine

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Drug Class: Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Mechanism: Binds to H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion.

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Omeprazole

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Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, reducing stomach acid secretion.

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Ranitidine

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Drug Class: Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Mechanism: Competitively inhibits histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, decreasing acid production.

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Magnesium Hydroxide

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Drug Class: Antacid; Laxative Mechanism: Neutralizes stomach acid and increases osmotic retention of fluids, which results in bowel distention and increased peristalsis.

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