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Medications for GERD & Peptic Ulcer Disease
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Esomeprazole
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: S-isomer of omeprazole that irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells, decreasing stomach acid production.
Misoprostol
Drug Class: Prostaglandin Analog Mechanism: Mimics the action of prostaglandins to protect the gastric mucosa by increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion, and decreasing acid production.
Aluminum Hydroxide
Drug Class: Antacid Mechanism: Neutralizes gastric acid resulting in increased gastric pH, which in turn inhibits pepsinogen to pepsin conversion.
Sucralfate
Drug Class: Mucosal Protectant Mechanism: Forms a viscous paste-like substance which adheres to ulcer sites, protecting them from acid and pepsin to aid healing.
Pantoprazole
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Inhibits the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to the proton pump on parietal cells.
Famotidine
Drug Class: Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Mechanism: Inhibits stomach acid production by blocking H2 receptors on the gastric parietal cells.
Rabeprazole
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Inhibits the gastric proton pump to reduce acid secretion in the stomach.
Lansoprazole
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Irreversibly binds to the gastric proton pump, inhibiting acid secretion by gastric parietal cells.
Metoclopramide
Drug Class: Prokinetic Agent Mechanism: Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist which enhances gastric motility and accelerates gastric emptying.
Dexlansoprazole
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion. It's an enantiomer with a dual delayed-release formulation.
Bismuth Subsalicylate
Drug Class: Antidiarrheal; Mucosal Protective Agent Mechanism: Coats ulcers and erosions, creating a protective layer against acid and pepsin. Also has antimicrobial properties against H. pylori.
Cimetidine
Drug Class: Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Mechanism: Binds to H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion.
Omeprazole
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Mechanism: Irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, reducing stomach acid secretion.
Ranitidine
Drug Class: Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Mechanism: Competitively inhibits histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, decreasing acid production.
Magnesium Hydroxide
Drug Class: Antacid; Laxative Mechanism: Neutralizes stomach acid and increases osmotic retention of fluids, which results in bowel distention and increased peristalsis.
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