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Deficiency: Pellagra, characterized by 'the four Ds' - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Toxicity: Flushing, liver toxicity, hyperglycemia.

Deficiency: Dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (pellagra). Toxicity: Liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal ulcers, and glucose intolerance.

Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, birth defects. Toxicity: Can mask the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, irreversible neurological damage. Toxicity: Generally none due to water solubility.

Deficiency: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults. Toxicity: Hypercalcemia, which can lead to vascular and tissue calcification.

Deficiency: Bleeding diathesis due to impaired blood coagulation. Toxicity: Rare, but may cause jaundice in newborns.

Deficiency: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Toxicity: Rare, but can cause drowsiness or muscle relaxation.

Deficiency: Rare, but can cause paresthesia and burning feet syndrome. Toxicity: Diarrhea and water retention at very high doses.

Deficiency: Anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and seizures. Toxicity: Sensory neuropathy with high doses over a long period.

Deficiency: Neuromuscular problems such as myopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Toxicity: Hemorrhage, and increased risk of prostate cancer with high doses.

Deficiency: Hair loss, skin rash, and neurological disorders. Toxicity: Generally non-toxic, even at high doses.

Deficiency: Birth defects like neural tube defects, poor growth, and tongue inflammation. Toxicity: May hide vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

Deficiency: Severe dermatitis, convulsions, and anemia. Toxicity: Sensory neuronopathy and dermatological lesions.

Deficiency: Hemolytic anemia, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Toxicity: Increased risk of bleeding due to anticoagulant effect.

Deficiency: Liver damage, muscle damage, and neural tube defects in infants. Toxicity: Fishy body odor, hypotension, liver toxicity.

Deficiency: Dermatitis, alopecia, and enteritis. Toxicity: Rare, may cause low vitamin C levels or high blood sugar.

Deficiency: Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, bruising, and poor wound healing. Toxicity: Diarrhea, possibly kidney stones.

Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis, which can cause sore throat, hyperemia, and edema of the pharyngeal and oral mucosa. Toxicity: Usually none, as excess is excreted in the urine.

Deficiency: Night blindness, hyperkeratosis, and immune deficiencies. Toxicity: Headache, dizziness, nausea, hair loss.